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Aristotle's theory of cause
Bis, Ondřej ; Thein, Karel (advisor) ; Jinek, Jakub (referee)
Aristotle's theory of cause being a broad topic, this bachelor thesis focuses on Aristotle's theoretical treatment of causes in Physics II. It undertakes a detailed analysis of its most important chapters (II, 3 a II, 7) and deals particularly with division of causes into four types. It also included the topic of causal modes. Equally, it deals with the repercussions of the theory for the work of a natural scientist, which follow from the division into four types of a cause. Aristotle's attitude to the job of a natural scientist is that all four causes are to be demonstrated to make knowledge complete. The thesis also deals with the status of causes in general and inquires both into the meaning of causes as real and constitutive factors of reality and the role of causes as explanatory factors. Among questions relating to the explanatory function of causes is a consideration whether it is not just a linguistic analysis. Another question is the foundation of the theory of four causes. In the core chapter of the thesis are separately analysed four causes in their mutual relations. Analysis demonstrates causal interdependence resulting in recognition of causal unity. That is why the aspect of unity is next followed showing first the unity of non-material causes. Efficient and final causes form unity...
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From the Socratic Logos to the Parmenidean One: How to read the Euthydemus
Hobza, Pavel
The key task of the interpretation the Euthydemus is to establish why Socrates wants to become a pupil of both brothers. It has to do with the "logic" of both brothers' discourse or way of thinking which is, in turn, based on the Parmenidean logic. If we take into account that Socrates is depicted as someone who is not able to arrive at a positive conclusion, then Socrates' motivation for learning from both brothers, i.e., for adopting their wisdom, is to be seen in his effort to overcome the refutational negativity of his own discourse.
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Phusis in Plato
Hobza, Pavel
In Plato, the term phusis has a wide range of meanings, so at first sight it doesn't seem that Plato combined with this term a specific philosophical conception. However, the investigation of the Symposium suggests that in the opposition to the Hippocratic conception, in which phusis was conceived of as the nature of human body, Plato conceived of phusis as the human desire or aiming at.
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