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Pharmaceuticals in drinking water and their removal
Benešová, Tereza ; Načeradská, Jana (advisor) ; Vašatová, Petra (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the presence of pharmaceuticals in drinking water and their effective removal. The first part of the thesis describes in detail the pathway by which pharmaceuticals enter surface waters that can serve as a source for drinking water. In the Czech Republic, these are sources of drinking water for Prague and its surroundings. Because filtration, flocculation/coagulation is not efficient enough, it removes only 20% of the drugs such as ibalgin, carbamazepine, naproxen and diclofenac. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement drinking water treatment plants with other processes such as adsorption on activated carbon, which removes up to 98%, ozonation and advanced oxidation processes, with an efficiency of up to 99%, and UV/chlorine removes up to 80% of pharmaceuticals. I found that monitoring of pharmaceuticals in drinking water is not systematic and there is a lack of setting of possible limits. The Želivka water treatment plant was found to carry out tests for pharmaceuticals only once a year, which I consider insufficient. I think that it is advisable to carry out more frequent analyses of medicines in drinking water in order to have a continuous overview of the situation. In addition, there are no long-term studies examining the effect of medicines in drinking water...
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Monitoring of the pharmaceuticals and pesticides occurrence in the upper part of Blanice river using passive sampling approach
VLK, Pavel
The goal of this thesis was to determine the occurrence of pharmaceuticals and pesticides at the upper part of Blanice river. The spring of the river is located in the Military area Boletice. In this area is minimal incidence of people and minimal land use. It was assumed minimum level of pollution at this part of the monitored area. Higher pollution level was supposed in the downstream part of the monitored area relating to higher population density and agriculture. POCIS passive samplers were used for collecting samples. Analysis were performed by liquid chromatography. There were 201 substances (127 pharmaceuticals, 74 pesticides). The concentrations of 27 substances (18 pharmaceuticals, 9 pesticides) were above the limit of quantification. The lowest level of pollution was found at Spalenec site with total pharmaceuticals and pesticides concentration 83.9 ng. POCIS-1. The highest level of contamination was found at the site Černý stream - 618.9 ng. POCIS-1. However this is only a small stream. The second highest contamination was found in the Rechle site close to the inlet to Husinec drinking water reservoir. Total level of pharmaceuticals and pesticides at this site was amounted to 482 ng. POCIS-1. In the upper part of the monitored catchment area is relatively low level of settelment and use of landscape. There is also low level of pharmaceuticals and pesticides pollution. At the Řepešín mill is forestry landscape changing to agricultural landscape and number of inhabitant is rising up. From this site pollution increases considerably in the landscape. This effect was then reflected in our results. Some substances in the environment change its chemical properties and become persistent. Therefore they are present in the landscape long time after their prohibition for using (e.g. hexazinone, DEET). The Husinec water reservoir reduces the amount of contaminants in the water of Blanice river. This effect was more pronounced for pharmaceuticals than pesticides.
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Development of IT Technologies in Large Corporations
Tělecká, Tereza ; Potančok, Martin (advisor) ; Vosecký, Ondřej (referee)
This Bachelors Thesis focuses on the development of IT departments in big corporations, mainly in telecommunication and pharmaceutical industries. The work aims at analyzing the week points of the IT departments in a model global pharmaceutical corporation. It suggests some measures to improve the situation and evaluates them. In the introductory part the historical development of IT technologies is summed up and, subsequently the IT development in telecommunications is described. Next part deals with specific features of the IT departments in a global pharmaceutical corporation. The last but one chapter interprets the term management, corporate organizational structures and IT management. The chapter focusing on a model pharmaceutical Pharma company is the most significant part of the work. It defines the corporation and its IT department and detects the questionable spheres. The solution for these week points is suggested and analyzed.
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The role of logistics in the pharmaceutical industry
Lišháková, Michaela ; Sato, Alexej (advisor) ; Búda, Martin (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with the logistics of the supply chain in the pharmaceutical industry, while focusing on the wholesalers operating this sector in the Czech market. The introduction presents general requirements related to the storage and distribution of drugs, imposed by the regulatory authorities and pharmaceutical manufacturers. Subsequently, the thesis discusses recent events that have altered the nature of the industry globally as well as locally. The emphasis is placed on the transformation of relations between individual actors of the supply chain, which was caused by the increase of production of drugs in developing countries, the changing nature of pharmaceutical products and the fast technology development. Further, it describes the system of drug distribution in the domestic market and analyzes the positions and business strategies of the largest wholesale companies. Presented are arguments why another mergers and acquisitions are expected in the near future. The result of the analysis is a proposition of business strategy for chosen company that should contribute to maintaining its position in the Czech market.
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