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Utilisation of plant origin waste
Habáníková, Kamila ; Šťavíková, Lenka (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This thesis describes properties and utilization and specifies the composition of organic plant waste produced during industrial processing. By cultivation of specific micro-organisms from this waste material it is possible to produce enzymes that have further beneficial industrial utilization. The experimental part of this thesis deals with the production of enzymes from the applied waste material grape pomace with the help of chosen micro-organisms. Waste, its processing and utilization is and always will be a key issue in our society.
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Utilization of plant origin waste
Habáníková, Kamila ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Production of cellulase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans was studied in submerged (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) systems. Substrates used in fermentation systems were mandarin peels and grape pomace. With Aspergillus niger used on grape pomace as a sole carbon source, cellulase production was detected after 72 hours in SSF and after 24 hours in SmF systems. The activity of cellulase per gram of substrate was higher in a submerged than in a solid state fermentation system. The longer time for higher polygalacturonase production was necessary in submerged fermentation systems and polygalacturonase activity was higher in SmF. The SSF fermentation with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source was similar, the highest detected activity of cellulase was determined after 72 hours. Different production of polygalacturonase was observed on mandarin peels in SmF systems. A comparison of enzyme productivities on grape pomace and mandarin peels showed that polygalacturonase activity per gram of substrate is highest in SmF system with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source. With Aureobasidium pullulans used on grape pomace as a sole carbon source, cellulase production was detected after 48 hours in SmF and SSF fermentation systems. The activity of cellulase per gram of substrate was higher in solid state system than in a submerged fermentation system. Longer time for higher polygalacturonase production was necessary in both fermentation systems. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in SmF. The SSF fermentation with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source was similar, the highest detected activity of cellulase was determined after 48 hours. Different production of polygalacturonase was observed on mandarin peels in SmF systems. A comparison of enzyme productivities on grape pomace and mandarin peels showed that polygalacturonase activity per gram of substrate is highest in SmF system with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source. For both systems and both substrates manganese-dependent peroxidase was detected for the first time. Differences in the enzyme synthesis by Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans depend on both the substrates used as well as on the fermentation system.
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The employment of wastes from food production
Hurčíková, Andrea ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The waste from agricultural and food industry are accessible in large quantity anywhere in the whole world nowadays. Most of these wastes include cellulose (30 - 40 %), hemicellulose (20 - 40 %) and lignine (10 - 20 %). Therefore these waste materials have wide use as the substrates for the microbial growth and the production of the enzymes. The microorganisms are able to use organic compounds from the wastes as the source of energy for the growth and carbon for synthesis of cellular biomass [24]. Wheat and rice straw are possible to use as the substrates for cultivation of the microorganisms and following production of the enzymes. In this thesis the utilization of the wastes from food industry for the production of the enzymes by the microorganisms was studied. We observed utilization of wheat straw as source of energy for growth of tested microorganisms and investigated their ability for the production of oxidoreductase (laccase). The optimalization of growth conditions of Aureobasidium pullulans was proceeded. Further the activity of laccase was studied. Milled wheat straw was used as the substrate. The cultivation was done in the thermoregulator at the temperature of 27°C. The activity of laccase was not found in this thesis. Petri dishes were contaminated by three unknown microoganisms during optimalization of growth of Aureobasidium pullulans. One of them produced laccase in cultivation with straw.
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Utilization of plant origin waste
Habáníková, Kamila ; Flodrová, Dana (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
Production of cellulase and polygalacturonase by Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans was studied in submerged (SmF) and solid state fermentation (SSF) systems. Substrates used in fermentation systems were mandarin peels and grape pomace. With Aspergillus niger used on grape pomace as a sole carbon source, cellulase production was detected after 72 hours in SSF and after 24 hours in SmF systems. The activity of cellulase per gram of substrate was higher in a submerged than in a solid state fermentation system. The longer time for higher polygalacturonase production was necessary in submerged fermentation systems and polygalacturonase activity was higher in SmF. The SSF fermentation with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source was similar, the highest detected activity of cellulase was determined after 72 hours. Different production of polygalacturonase was observed on mandarin peels in SmF systems. A comparison of enzyme productivities on grape pomace and mandarin peels showed that polygalacturonase activity per gram of substrate is highest in SmF system with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source. With Aureobasidium pullulans used on grape pomace as a sole carbon source, cellulase production was detected after 48 hours in SmF and SSF fermentation systems. The activity of cellulase per gram of substrate was higher in solid state system than in a submerged fermentation system. Longer time for higher polygalacturonase production was necessary in both fermentation systems. Polygalacturonase activity was higher in SmF. The SSF fermentation with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source was similar, the highest detected activity of cellulase was determined after 48 hours. Different production of polygalacturonase was observed on mandarin peels in SmF systems. A comparison of enzyme productivities on grape pomace and mandarin peels showed that polygalacturonase activity per gram of substrate is highest in SmF system with mandarin peels as a sole carbon source. For both systems and both substrates manganese-dependent peroxidase was detected for the first time. Differences in the enzyme synthesis by Aspergillus niger and Aureobasidium pullulans depend on both the substrates used as well as on the fermentation system.
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The employment of wastes from food production
Hurčíková, Andrea ; Babák, Libor (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
The waste from agricultural and food industry are accessible in large quantity anywhere in the whole world nowadays. Most of these wastes include cellulose (30 - 40 %), hemicellulose (20 - 40 %) and lignine (10 - 20 %). Therefore these waste materials have wide use as the substrates for the microbial growth and the production of the enzymes. The microorganisms are able to use organic compounds from the wastes as the source of energy for the growth and carbon for synthesis of cellular biomass [24]. Wheat and rice straw are possible to use as the substrates for cultivation of the microorganisms and following production of the enzymes. In this thesis the utilization of the wastes from food industry for the production of the enzymes by the microorganisms was studied. We observed utilization of wheat straw as source of energy for growth of tested microorganisms and investigated their ability for the production of oxidoreductase (laccase). The optimalization of growth conditions of Aureobasidium pullulans was proceeded. Further the activity of laccase was studied. Milled wheat straw was used as the substrate. The cultivation was done in the thermoregulator at the temperature of 27°C. The activity of laccase was not found in this thesis. Petri dishes were contaminated by three unknown microoganisms during optimalization of growth of Aureobasidium pullulans. One of them produced laccase in cultivation with straw.
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Utilisation of plant origin waste
Habáníková, Kamila ; Šťavíková, Lenka (referee) ; Omelková, Jiřina (advisor)
This thesis describes properties and utilization and specifies the composition of organic plant waste produced during industrial processing. By cultivation of specific micro-organisms from this waste material it is possible to produce enzymes that have further beneficial industrial utilization. The experimental part of this thesis deals with the production of enzymes from the applied waste material grape pomace with the help of chosen micro-organisms. Waste, its processing and utilization is and always will be a key issue in our society.
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