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The design and construction of aids for the development of sensory functions and testing their usability in preschool children
Looney, Bernadeta ; Janatová, Markéta (advisor) ; Vondrová, Kateřina (referee)
BACHELOR THESIS ABSTRACT Name, Surname: Bernadeta Looney Thesis Supervisor: MUDr. Markéta Janatová Thesis consultant: Bc. Monika Šťastná Kohoutová Title: The Design and Construction of Aids for the Development of Sensory Functions and Testing Their Usability in Preschool Children Abstract: This thesis focused on the design and creation of aids for the development of sensory functions and then tested their usability in preschool children with various neurodevelopmental diagnoses. The first, theoretical part of the thesis briefly introduces the field of occupational therapy and the main goals of paediatric occupational therapy. It then focuses on the topic of play, summarizing the main theoretical perspectives on play and discussing the role of play in human development. The following subchapter describes play from the perspective of an occupational therapist, including ways of using play in therapy. Next the issue of sensory functions is addressed. The individual sensory systems, their role in individual development, and manifestations of their dysfunction are described. The main methods focused on the development of sensory perception used in occupational therapy are then introduced, primarily the Ayres Sensory Integration method and hippotherapy. In the practical part of the thesis, the design and...
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Stress and burnout syndrome of nurses in pediatric inpatient wards
Rážová, Hana ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Průšová, Kateřina (referee)
Bachelor thesis called "Stress and burnout syndrom of nurses in pediatric inpatient wards" deals with the issue of stressful environment in healthcare, which contributes to the emergence of burnout syndrome. The main goal is to bring to concise overview about stress load and burnout syndrome of nurses working in pediatric inpatient wards and to analyze their access to this issue. Theoretical part of thesis give the reader brief definitions. They are describing informations about stress, self-compassion and for a last, burnout syndrome. All these phenomens are intepreted to nurses work and the way they are influnces their work in healthcare. In empiric part of thesis is brief description of thesis's methodic and results of own research. The method of research is four-parted standardized questionaire, which includes anamnestic questionare, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). This questionare was distribude in Facult hospital in Motol on pediatric inpatient wards. Research includes 107 correctly filled questionaries. From results emerges that 63, 55 % respondents from total file suffers from rate of stress called "Mild stress". The level of self-compassion that most respondents have towards themselves (62, 62 %) is labeled "Medium level"....
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Šugrová, Kristína ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients Author: Kristína Šugrová Tutor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis represents the most frequent indication to a surgical abdominal intervention in population of paediatric patients. In case of complications, such as abscess, periappendicular infiltrate or perforation with peritonitis, it can even lead to a life- threatening condition. The aim of this study was to analyse antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in paediatric patients undergoing open appendectomy, as well as antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis. Another aim was to compare the administration of antibiotics (ATB) before and after the implementation of recommended hospital procedures (RHP). Subsequently, to monitor the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay and their association with ATB administration and other risk factors. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study was carried out. Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent an open appendectomy at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové between years 2014 and...
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in laparoscopic appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Opatovská, Tamara ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Malá, Kateřina (referee)
Analysis of prescribing antibiotics for laparoscopic appendectomies in a paediatric patient population Author: Tamara Opatovská Supervisor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petr Domecký Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis is one of the most common acute diagnoses in paediatric population. Incorrect diagnosis, poorly performed antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) or treatment can lead to life-threatening complications such as perforation, peritonitis, periappendiceal infiltrate or abscess. The aim of this study was to analyse the administration of antibiotics (ATB) as a part of prophylaxis before appendectomy and as part of the therapy of complicated appendicitis in the paediatric population and to compare the obtained results. Specifically, 2 periods were compared - before and after the introduction of the recommended hospital procedure (RHP; 22. 06. 2017). The partial goal of the study was to identify factors that influenced the occurrence of complications and length of hospitalization in the monitored population. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study took place at the Clinic od paediatric surgery and traumatology at the University hospital Hradec Králové. Data were collected from...
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Motivation of pediatric nursing students for the pediatric nursing profession
HRABOVSKÁ, Alžběta
The theoretical part of the thesis was divided into two parts: the first one introduces the field of pediatric nursing, the second one focuses on motivation. In the first chapter which is relates to pediatric nursing, the history of pediatrics is described, the concept of pediatrics role of pediatric nurse, pediatric nursing education, competencies and scope of pediatric nursing is explained. In the second chapter, which concerns motivation, the concept of motivation, sources of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, need and motive, motivation to learn and to work are described.The aim of this study was to investigate students' motivation to study paediatric nursing and to find out whether paediatric nursing students' preferences for practice in the future profession of paediatric nursing change during their studies. Quantitative research methodology was emloyed for the empirical segment of the thesis, where data collection was conducted throught self-constructed questionnaire. The questionnaire survey was conducted at selected universities with a Pediatric Nursing program. The schools participating in the research are the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the South Bohemian University, the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Ostrava and the 2nd Faculty of Medicine. The research population for the research data consisted of 96 respondents.The quantitative results showed the following. The first hypothesis, that the greatest motivating factor for the profession of pediatric nurse is a positive relationship with children, was not confirmed. According to the graph, the strongest motivating factor for studying pediatric nursing is the response of helping children, which was converted with a score of 3.9 on the scoring scale. A positive relationship with children was converted to a score of 3.8. Job security was converted to a score of 3.5. Job prestige was converted to a score of 3.1 on the scoring scale. The least motivating factor (compared to the other responses) is financial reward, which was converted to a score of 2.6. The second hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing vary with the length of study, was not supported. The third hypothesis, that preferences for practice in the future profession of pediatric nursing change depending on the form of study, was not confirmed. The second and third hypotheses were tested by questions that were only addressed to second and third year students. The statistical chi-square test was used to test the validity of hypotheses H2 and H3. The null hypothesis was tested against the alternative hypothesis at a significance level of 5 %. The bachelor's thesis can provide a closer look at the motivation for studying for a future career as a pediatric nurse directly from the perspective of pediatric nursing students. It can also serve as feedback for faculty to determine if students are satisfied with their studies. The results of this work were presented at the SVOČ and will be shared with the participating faculty.
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Design of Digital Baby Scale
Trněná, Eliška ; Sládek, Josef (referee) ; Rubínová, Dana (advisor)
The topic of this bachelor thesis is the design of baby scales for medical facilities. The aim is a design with an unique shape that meets the technical, ergonomic and safety requirements associated with weighing children. The work is based on the analysis of the current state of knowledge, the shape fits into the environment of pediatrics. The design guarantees safety for infants, the possibility of comfortable handling of the device and emphasizes aesthetics and visual friendliness.
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Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines Proposal for Children Aged 3-18 with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Homolková, Simona ; Dvořáková, Petra (advisor) ; Angerová, Yvona (referee)
Thesis abstract Name, Surname: Bc. Simona Homolková Supervisor: Mgr. Petra Dvořáková Thesis Title: Occupational Therapy Practise Guidelines Proposal in Children aged 3-18 years with Developmental Coordination Disorder Abstract: Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with a prevalence of 6 % among children in the population. The cause of this condition is unknown, but there are known risk factors, such as very low birth weight or maternal exposure to drugs and alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms include coordination difficulties, impaired motor learning and planning, executive function challenges, and overall mental health vulnerabilities. Each child exhibits different manifestations, and comprehensive care is required, provided by an interprofessional team, which includes occupational therapists. Occupational therapists should base their practice on high-quality care standards. Just like in medicine, there are currently global trends in occupational therapy towards developing Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG), which are still lacking, especially in the field of occupational therapy. CPGs primarily serve to improve and standardize care. The main goal of this work is to create a proposal for clinical practice guidelines in occupational therapy for developmental...
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The role of the pediatric nurse in providing laboratory newborn screening
STEINBAUEROVÁ, Julie
This bachelor thesis focuses on the role of the pediatric nurse in newborn laboratory screening. The pediatric nurse has an indispensable role in the entire process, educating parents prior to collection, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to testing, preparing supplies, performing the actual collection, checking and preparing the collected specimens for shipment to the screening laboratory. Although the thesis is primarily focused on maternal education prior to collection and possible errors during collection that may negatively affect the results of the examination, the theoretical and practical part of the thesis also covers other topics related to newborn laboratory screening, not least the description of the methodology of the correct collection procedure and subsequent verification of knowledge of its principles in a research investigation with nurses. The first objective was to describe the process of maternal education by the pediatric nurse prior to collection. The second objective was to determine the knowledge of pediatric nurses about the negative impact of substandard blood collection on screening outcome. The research part of the study was based on qualitative research, using the interview method. Data collection was carried out using the technique of in-depth semi-structured interviews with nurses from neonatology departments of selected Prague hospitals. Data analysis was done by pencil paper method, then the results were divided into three categories and described in diagrams. The survey found that nurses perceive the language barrier as the biggest difficulty in educating mothers before delivery, but they have resources available to help them overcome this barrier in practice. It was also found that nurses are well informed and have sufficient knowledge about the principles of dry drop blood collection. The most common errors in collection were described by nurses as insufficient or incorrectly filled in targets on the filter paper and illegible data on the screening card. This work can be used to educate pediatric nurses, and recommendations for practice include focusing on non-pharmacological methods of procedural pain relief for newborns during collection and checking specimens before sending them to screening laboratories to avoid unnecessary repeat collections.
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Problems of Autism Spectrum Disorders from the perspective of pediatricians
VLÁŠKOVÁ, Lenka
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of autism spectrum disorders from the perspective of pediatricians. The aim of this thesis is to identify how general practitioners for children and adolescents in the South Bohemia region carry out screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders in their practices and how they proceed in case of a positive result. The sub-objective was to find out what general practitioners for children and adolescents see as the biggest problem in the diagnostic process for these children. The thesis is divided into two parts - theoretical and practical. The first chapter of the theoretical part is devoted to individual autism spectrum disorders, the second chapter explains the so-called "triad" of problem areas, the third describes screening and diagnostic tools, and the last chapter focuses on the possibilities of care for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The practical part is conducted through qualitative research and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from pediatric and adolescent general practitioners. Furthermore, two case studies of children with autism spectrum disorder are presented in this part. Semi-structured interviews with parents and educational staff and a desk study were also used to collect data for the case studies. The data obtained show that general practitioners for children and adolescents perform screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorders during regular preventive examinations at 18 months of the child and repeat the screening again after six months in case of a positive result. Child and adolescent practitioners see the biggest problem in the diagnostic process as the lack of specialists to follow up their work.
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Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients.
Šugrová, Kristína ; Rejmanová, Anna (advisor) ; Šorf, Aleš (referee)
Analysis of antibiotic administration in open appendectomies in pediatric patients Author: Kristína Šugrová Tutor: PharmDr. Anna Rejmanová, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Petra Rozsívalová Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction and aims: Appendicitis represents the most frequent indication to a surgical abdominal intervention in population of paediatric patients. In case of complications, such as abscess, periappendicular infiltrate or perforation with peritonitis, it can even lead to a life- threatening condition. The aim of this study was to analyse antibiotic prophylaxis (AP) in paediatric patients undergoing open appendectomy, as well as antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis. Another aim was to compare the administration of antibiotics (ATB) before and after the implementation of recommended hospital procedures (RHP). Subsequently, to monitor the incidence of complications and length of hospital stay and their association with ATB administration and other risk factors. Methods: An unicentric retrospective study was carried out. Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent an open appendectomy at the Department of Paediatric Surgery and Traumatology at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové between years 2014 and...
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