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Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic
Zuna, Milan ; Mihaljevič, Martin (advisor) ; Komárek, Michal (referee) ; Soudek, Petr (referee)
1 Tree rings and peat bogs as archives of recent trends in Pb and Hg deposition in the Czech Republic Milan Zuna, 2012 Abstract The environment polluted by toxic metals is currently one of the most topical subjects studied in a great many countries. Toxic metals and their forms are studied primarily because of their negative impact on the environment and also on human health. In the territory of the Czech Republic, direct measurements of the concentrations of these substances are available only for a limited time period. Consequently, indirect methods, such as geochemical archives, are used to determine the historical environmental burdens from these metals. Historical lead concentrations (Pb) were studied on peat bog profiles and tree rings in selected localities in the Czech Republic. Altogether 12 peat bog profiles and 33 wood cores (Picea abies) were studied, in the border territories of the Czech Republic with different historical burdens (Krušné Hory - Novodomské rašeliniště - ND, Jizerské hory - Bílá Smědá - BS, Šumava - Jezerní slat - JS), and in a historically burdened area polluted by processing of Pb- Ag ores (Příbram-Brdy). In the vicinity of Příbram, areas around the Brdy ridge (9 km east of the Pb metallurgical works) as well as in the immediate vicinity of the metallurgical works. We used the...
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Comparison of oxyhumolite of the Sokolov basin with materials which are using in spa and alternative medicin and its possible usage in these spheres
Dúcka, Barbora ; Goliáš, Viktor (referee) ; Rojík, Petr (advisor)
This work deal with a brief characterization of three materials, namely oxyhumolite and sapropelite from Sokolov basin that are compared with peat from Františkovy Lázně. The sampling localities are briefly geographically and geologically described including the genesis of the deposits. All materials are specifically characterized by analysis. The materials are compared based on the results of the analysis. Greater attentinon is paid to the comparison of sulfur content, humic acides and warmth retention. A part of the work is devoted to description of peloids and their influence on the human organism. The history of using peloids is briefly discussed. The possibility of using oxyhumolite and sapropelite for production of natural cosmetics or for balneological use is examined as a replacement for native and especially for regenerated peat.
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Molecular study of lipids in humic acids by sequential chemical degradation
Bachratá, Radka ; Grasset, Laurent (referee) ; Klučáková, Martina (advisor)
Lipidy v půdě vykazují poměrně vysokou resistenci k biodegradaci, mohou proto tak zajistit informace o zdrojích organické hmoty a diagenetických procesech. Půdní organická hmota je vysoce heterogenní a vyskytují se v ní různé dynamické systémy. Vztahy mezi těmito systémy a molekulární strukturou ještě nejsou úplně známy. Analýza lipidů a bitumenu byla provedena u dvou vzroků (rašelina a lignit). Množství skupin sloučenin (volné uhlovodíky a volné ketony, vázané alkoholy, vázané mastné kyseliny, vázané -hydroxy kyseliny, volné dikyseliny a polycyklické sloučeniny) bylo idetifikováno pro oba vzorky a jejich distribuce byly určeny. GC/MS analýza volných a vázaných lipidů zjistila jejich různé zdroje během chemické degradace. Některé podobné znaky mohou být znakem uchovávání části vosků a suberinu z vyšších rostlin (dlouhé řetězce vázaných mastných kyselin). Velké rozdíly v molekulárním složení lipidů byly pozorovány mezi vzorky, dokládající význam studia lipidů z mladého sedimentu (rašelina) a starého (lignit).
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Fosil Fuels in Czech Republic
Ertelt, Tomáš ; Moskalík, Jiří (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The object of this bachelor thesis is to explore fossil fuels in the Czech Republic their kinds, qualities, occurrence, usage, extraction, import and export. Thesis focuses on black coal, brown coal, anthracite, lignite, peat, oil and natural gas. This thesis analyzes their availability, deposits, processing and usage in the Czech Republic. Production statistics of their extraction by 2011 are addend.
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Experimental heat flux declaration through soil or artifikal substrate using HFP01-SC sensor
VÁŇA, Jan
The aim of this thesis is to describe a method of measuring the heat flow through the substratum or soil with self-calibrating heat flux sensor HFP-01SC (Hukseflux, The Netherlands) and to confirm the appropriateness of its use. In addition, this paper should be a manual for applications using this sesnor. Submitted work should be a contribution to disciplines dealing with measurement of heat flow through the substratum or soil.
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Positive influence of humate on the growth of selected plant species
Šerá, Božena ; Novák, František ; Gajdová, Iveta
Stimulatory effect of humic and fulvic acids extracted from local sources of peat (the origin of CR) on germination and early growth of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), poppy (Papaver somniferum L.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and rape (Brassica napus subsp. napus) was verified. Experiments were performed in standard laboratory conditions. Dry weight of sprout was determined. Obtained data were evaluated by the ANOVA test. Tested plants can be arranged in the order from the significant positive effect on the dry weight to the negative one as follows: hemp, poppy, pepper, rape.
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History and present of peat extraction on the area Borkovická blata
ŠTĚCHOVÁ, Monika
In the general section of this thesis are shortly characterized fossil fuel, peat bogs and peat, process of their origin, their types and importance. Another important part of this work is the extraction of peat, its trend, subsequent restoration and environmental problem of the peat extraction. The main part is the characteristic of the area Borkovická blata, mapping out mining process in the area and the present condition. Furthermore, there is shortly characterized the company Rašelina, a. s., which extracted in Borkovická blata peat for a long time and is still engaged in the extraction and processing of peat.
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An experimental study of initial succession on different substrata: analysis of changes in plant species cover and some soil biological parameters and their relationships
KRESÁČ, Martin
A four year experimental study of initial stages of succession on different substrata (sand, peat and gray clay overburden from brown coal mining) was carried out. The substrata were transplanted into two different landscape types in the Czech Republic. Control plots were filled with autochthonous topsoil treated with high temperature vapor. Plots with un-treated autochthonous topsoil were also established. Plant species cover and several soil-biological parameters (soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, exchangeable pH(KCl), organic-C extractable by potassium sulfate solution, and nitrate-N content) were measured once a year. Obtained data were mainly processed by unimodal (plant cover data) and liner (soil-biological data) ordination methods. Biological species traits (life span, seed dispersal vector, seed bank type, ecological strategy type following Grime, life form following Raunkiaer) were used to characterize early stages of plant succession. Vegetation and measured soil-biological parameters, except pH(KCl), were significantly changing during four growing seasons. Variance partitioning analysis based on plant species cover data indicated the landscape type to be the main governing factor and physico-chemical characteristics of substrate to be less important during the studied initial stages of succession. The same analysis based on soil-biological parameters showed the reverse result. Great variability of plant species ecological traits was noticed during four growing seasons. The earliest plant colonizers were mainly ruderal, anemochorous terophytes with persistent seed bank. The number of species with C-strategy type increased during the study. The relationship between the average plant species cover and measured soil-biological parameters was also examined during the experimental study of early succession. Direct and indirect ordination revealed the average sum of plant species cover to be weakly positively correlated with soil microbial biomass, basal soil respiration, nitrate-N, potassium sulfate extractable organic-C, metabolic quocient (qCO2) and negatively correlated to exchangeable pH(KCl). The relationship was significant only in the case of microbial biomass and potassium sulfate extractable organic-C. More detailed studies of the relationship between aboveground plant species biomass and soil microbial communities in initial stages of succession are required. Comparability of presented study is limited because not many experimental investigations of similar kind have been presented until now.
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Leaf-spinning moths (Lepidoptera) feeding on Vaccinium uliginosum L. along an ecological gradient of the Šumava peat bogs
Spitzer, Karel ; Bezděk, Aleš ; Jaroš, Josef
The leaf-spinning moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Chimabachidae and Geometridae) associated with the boreal plant Vaccinium uliginosum L. were investigated in two different peat bogs (Mrtvý Luh near Volary and Chalupská Slať near Borová Lada). During four years (1998-2001) of collecting leaf spinnings, 19 species of moths were recorded from both peat bogs. The occurence of moths was structured along a distinct mesoclimatic gradient. Species closely associated with peat bogs (tyrphobiontic and tyrphophilous taxa) were found to be most abundant in treeless centers of both bogs in comparisonwith marginal parts.
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