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Vliv managementu a technologie odchovu telat na výskyt parazitárních onemocnění
PAŘÍZKOVÁ, Petra
Faecal samples were collected from two dairy farms. The influence of management and technology on the incidence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria infections was investigated. A total of 20 calves from each farm were observed from birth to 16 weeks of age, and faecal samples from each animal were examined weekly. A total of 680 faecal samples were collected and examined. Parasite detection was performed by a combination of standard parasitological microscopic and molecular methods. Infections with C. parvum subtypes IIaA13G1R1 and IIaA17G1R1, C. ryanae subtype XXIc, E. zuernii, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. bovis, E. auburnensis, and E. subsferica were detected. The cumulative prevalence of C. parvum on the sampled farms was 85 %, and the prevalence of infection was detected at one to four weeks of age. The cumulative prevalence of Eimeria spp. reached 100 % in calves from both monitored farms at 16 weeks of age. Feeding high-quality colostrum with a higher immunoglobulin content reduced the intensity of infections caused by C. parvum. The risk of Eimeria infection increased with the length of time calves remained in the farrowing room when the newborn animals were in contact with older calves. Inadequate technique for raising calves together after weaning resulted in an increased incidence of diarrheal disease.
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Biodiverzita dřevních hub v oblasti Národní přírodní rezervace Divoká Oslava
Nováček, Martin
The bachelor thesis deals with the surveying of the biodiversity of wood fungi in National Nature Reserve Divoká Oslava. The reserve originated in 1.12.2019, therefore it is relatively young and characteristic with its original and close-to-nature landscape. Inside of the reserve were chosen two locations with the highest potential of the presence of wood fungi and there was since the November 2018 to the November 2020 carried periodical survey through errand method. The collection and identification of the sporocarps took place, taking of the photographic documentation, and the evaluated parameters on the ecology of the species and the substrate on which the fungus grew, were entered into the field diary. In total there were 53 species of the wood fungi found, from which two species are entered in the Red List of Fungi (macromycetes) of the Czech Republic.
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Vliv potravní preference všenek (Phthiraptera: Amblycera) na formování jejich mikrobiomů
ŽIŽKOVÁ, Kateřina
Microbiome diversity of chewing lice belongs to generaly unexplored topics. This thesis provides the first insight into the microbiomes of 15 chewing lice species of the genus Menacanthus. We detected the presence of two dominant symbiotic bacteria, which occurred in almost all species. We also compared the microbiome diversity of lice with different diet preferences (blood feeding and feather feeding species). Based on these analyses, we identified the main determinants shaping the microbiomes of Menacanthus lice. The microbiomes are namely affected by Menacanthus species identity, its geographical origin, dietary niche, and the extent of the host spectrum that the lice parasitize.
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Parasitation of the European marine gobies (Gobiidae, Perciformes) by metazoan parasites
Slámová, Tereza ; Vukićová, Jasna (advisor) ; Mašová, Šárka (referee)
Gobiidae (Teleostei, Perciformes) is one of the most species-rich families of teleost fishes, comprising over 1,700 species currently recognized. They inhabit marine waters worldwide, with the exception of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, but also brackish and freshwater habitats. Mostly, they live inconspicuously on the bottom. They are usually small-sized, so they are suitable intermediate hosts in the transfer of parasites to larger fishes, or to birds and mammals. The main metazoan groups of parasites of gobies are Myxozoa, Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Acanthocephala and Crustacea. Their life cycles and the known impact of parasites on fish physiology, fitness, behaviour and mortality are described. Additional effects on goby hosts such as the effect on reproduction and the effect on a female mate choice are mentioned, as well. The immunity response of fish to parasitation is briefly discussed. Finally, some special cases like parasitism in brackish and eutrophicated waters, and a difference in parasitation of gobies in protected and unprotected areas are discussed. Published works about parasitation of European marine gobies are scattered and usually are focussed on a single parasite species or group. The effects of a parasite on a goby are rarely described. Only some parts of...
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The role of Toxoplasma gondii on the expression of Major Urinary Proteins in the house mouse
Hladovcová, Denisa ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Hrdý, Ivan (referee)
Major Urinary Proteins (MUP) are pheromonal transmitters involved in chemical communication in rodents. Complexes of MUPs and ligands mediate information about genetical background of an individual and co-create individual scent profile. They play a significant role in kinship determination, the crucial factor in the choice of a mating partner. It is assumed that the MUP production is energetically demanding due to the pressure of sexual selection, and the transmitted signal is thus supposed to be honest. This theory hasn't yet been experimentally tested, neither was proven the effect of another intense selection pressure- a parasitic infection. In my thesis, I describe the effect of an infection of a parasite Toxoplasma gondii on MUP production. The results suggest that the production is altered in both sexes, the production decreasing in males to the level of male castrates (or the female level). Considering the results of more detailed analysis of the infection we assume that the energetical demands of the MUP production doesn't allow the production of ordinary amounts if MUPs during the first phase of the infection as the energy is primarily devoted to the infection control. The increased production in latter phase can be attributed to the importance of scent communication. Decreased levels of...
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Application of mass spectrometry methods for identification and localization of important molecules from parasitic helminths
Siegel, Tomáš ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarises the fundamental technological solutions, processes and principles of mass spectrometry with special focus on their use in parasitology. In the first part, the particular phases of processing of the biological sample by using mass spectrometry are defined - from ionisation to the evaluation of results. In the text, the various methodological approaches are presented mainly on the published examples concerning the identification of molecules from parasitic helminths, especially proteins of fasciolid flukes (e.g. Fasciola hepatica). The second part of the thesis comprises the methods of identification and localization of molecules by using mass spectrometry imaging and the use of this combined technique in experimental biology, parasitology, is discussed. There is also proposed the procedure including the combination of laser microdissection and mass spectrometry techniques which could be applied for identification and localisation of important proteins of the fluke Fascioloides magna.
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Role of true bugs in a lifetime of humans
CHALOUPKOVÁ, Věra
This bachelor thesis covers the theme of the role of true bugs in human life. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a brief research focusing on true bugs as human and livestock parasites, pests of crops cultivated by humans, their function in biological control, their use in laboratory research and in food, as well as their occurrence in literature, television programs, music and as an inspiration for artworks and various products
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Složení společenstev larválních stádií motolic (Digenea) u vybraných zástupců plicnatých plžů čeledi Planorbidae
VYHLÍDALOVÁ, Tereza
In the present study the species diversity, seasonal dynamics, composition of larval trematode communities and factors influencing their structure were studied in two species of planorbid gastropods (Gyraulus albus and Segmentina nitida) in typical eutrophic fishponds in South Bohemia, Czech Republic. The study significantly contributed to the present knowledge about the fauna of trematodes in small planorbids, provided evidence for validity of general rules affecting trematode community composition and structure and demonstrated the underestimated role of both snail species as first intermediate hosts for trematodes in the past.
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Application of mass spectrometry methods for identification and localization of important molecules from parasitic helminths
Siegel, Tomáš ; Kašný, Martin (advisor) ; Harant, Karel (referee)
The thesis summarises the fundamental technological solutions, processes and principles of mass spectrometry with special focus on their use in parasitology. In the first part, the particular phases of processing of the biological sample by using mass spectrometry are defined - from ionisation to the evaluation of results. In the text, the various methodological approaches are presented mainly on the published examples concerning the identification of molecules from parasitic helminths, especially proteins of fasciolid flukes (e.g. Fasciola hepatica). The second part of the thesis comprises the methods of identification and localization of molecules by using mass spectrometry imaging and the use of this combined technique in experimental biology, parasitology, is discussed. There is also proposed the procedure including the combination of laser microdissection and mass spectrometry techniques which could be applied for identification and localisation of important proteins of the fluke Fascioloides magna.
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