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International protection of children in armed conflicts
Čechlovská, Soňa ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Ondřej, Jan (referee)
Children are particularly vulnerable individuals and therefore, they have particular rights under international law that recognize their special need for protection. Armed conflicts constitute the biggest threat to them. I have chosen this topic for admiring the strength of children affected by armed conflicts to face all the problems brought by armed conflicts. On the other hand, children are indispensable in reconciliation and reconstruction of society. The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyze the protection provided by law to the children affected by armed conflicts and the application of those provisions. Chapter One deals with these questions. Chapter Two is introductory and is subdivided into five parts. Part One describes the relation between international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law and their applicability. Part Two deals with the absence of universally applicable definition of "armed conflict" and the applicability of legal instruments. Part Three briefly introduces basic ideas of protection of children in armed conflicts. Part Four defines the term "child" and explains possible problems of universally accepted definition. Part Five analyzes contemporary armed conflicts and the impact on children, whether they participate (directly or indirectly) in...
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Dopady válečného konfliktu v Sýrii na úroveň migrace obyvatelstva
Zmitková, Adriána
This bachelor thesis describes and analyzes the start up process of conflict on the territory of the Syrian Arab Republic, changes in the level of migration caused by the conflict and final destinations of refugees. The thesis focuses on international organizations involved in humanitarian crisis resolution in each host country. Conclusion contains suggested solutions to the problems associated with inadequate living conditions of refugees.
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Between repression and negotiation: Strategy of Colombian governments in the process of solving intranational conflict after 2002
Kissová, Adéla ; Němec, Jan (advisor) ; Paulenková, Kristína (referee)
Bachelor thesis provides an overview of the Colombian conflict in terms its possible solutions in the period after 2002. The Colombian conflict is the longest ongoing intranational conflict in the world and no one has been able to bring the conflict to an end. Colombia is confronted with many interest groups in its territory. They are involved in drug trafficking, terrorist attacks, murders and kidnappings of population. The government of President Álvaro Uribe Vélez and consequently the current government of President Juan Manuel Santos were the closest to the end of the conflict. Both of them took a different approach to resolve the situation and it is reason why to evaluate the results of various political strategies and their impact on political and economic situation in Colombia. The findings observed in this thesis may be useful for understanding the current status of the Colombian conflict, potentially for application in other intranational conflict resolution.
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The Control of Private Military and Security Companies
Turečková, Jana ; Trávníčková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Rolenc, Jan Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the regulation of activities of private military and security companies in armed conflicts. The aim of the thesis is to outline the current state of mechanism of control concerning the participation of private military and security companies in these conflicts in order to achieve compliance with international humanitarian law and human rights law. The first and the second chapter characterize armed conflicts and the phenomenon of their privatization from the theoretical point of view. The third chapter discusses the mechanism of control on the international level which is based on the Montreux Document. The last chapter describes a self-regulation mechanism in the private security industry, its structure and functionning. The thesis emphasizes the role of the International Code of Conduct for Private Security Service Providers and the ICoC Association, the first oversight body of its kind.
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The use of unmanned aerial vehicles in contemporary armed conflicts
Golubenko, Darya ; Kochan, Jan (advisor) ; Machoň, Miloslav (referee)
This thesis deals with evaluation of aspects connected to the use of unmanned aircraft in contemporary international armed conflicts. Unmanned aerial vehicles, unmanned aircraft or drones are the summarizing designations of aircraft without a pilot onboard, which is operated from the ground or has by pre-programmed flight plan, and can fulfil a number of military as well as civil purposes. The main attention will be paid to the military unmanned aircraft, the use of which causes a wide range of discussions in media as well as on political and professional level.
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Compliance with the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocols in armed conflict since 1990.
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Irena
The armed conflicts to humanity for centuries. Almost always the reason for armed conflict dominion over certain territories. If we focus on armed conflicts closest to us history, it is clear that these include first and second World War. These two wars have caused thousands of deaths on all sides and great hardship of the civilian population. After World War II it seemed that the end of armed conflicts. Nevertheless, followed by the war in Korea or Vietnam, where once again innocent civilians died. But this is more than fifty years of history. Unfortunately, the armed conflict is still repeated, and since 1990 there were more than a hundred and twenty. Although not a war of such magnitude, which is involved in the entire world, but they have also been responsible for hundreds of deaths. The trend of conflict after the Cold War is undoubtedly the killing of civilians. Unfortunately, the loss ratio for the armed forces and civilians dramatically changed. Particularly in Africa are relatively small losses on fighting units. But civilians are dying by the hundreds of thousands. Reasons for armed conflict after the Cold War are different. In most cases, however, it is the territory and related ethnic cleansing, or wealth, which are eg. in Africa diamonds. The purpose of my thesis was draw attention to the constant threats to fundamental human rights in armed conflicts are totally ignored. The theoretical part describes international humanitarian law, which should be the basis for armed conflict. And describes the basic principles of international humanitarian law and the types of armed conflict under international humanitarian law. The theoretical part also describes some of the articles of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols to the armed conflict since 1990 are the most commonly used and are very serious. Due to the number of armed conflicts since 1990, which was more than 120, is shown in the work of ten selected armed conflicts. In selected conflicts are described various war crimes that were committed against the civilian population. These crimes are similar in countries that are a common culture or mentality. In African countries is the same crimes. The difference is mostly in scale committing these war crimes. The same is true even in the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia. In this thesis were consumed interviews with some participants armed conflicts, which greatly helps us to better understand the war crimes that were committed during the armed conflict. Processing and evaluation of the results was done in MS Word and MS Excel.
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Private Military Companies in Africa
Šváb, David ; Kváča, Vladimír (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
The Master's thesis "Private Military Companies in Africa" deals with the issues of the private military and security companies and their current position in international security relations. The central thesis of this academic publication is the question whether these commercial companies are capable of representing a significant position within the international community and executing extensive operations in conflict resolution and the subsequent transition towards a stable arrangement of the stricken regions. Essentially, the arguments leading to the key objective of this thesis are drawing upon a comparative study of recent activities of PMCs on the African continent, a discursive analysis of the approach towards these private subjects, as well as their international legal status. Consequently, by relying on the gathered information from the aforementioned research, the most substantial section of the text offers basic models of potential widespread use of private military companies in connection with national states and international organizations and explains the benefits resulting from this shift towards privatization of global security. Furthermore, the publication points out specific contemporary cases for the prospective application of PMCs and analyses the space for this industry within the existing international system.
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2008 Russian-Georgian conflict and energy security
Stárek, Václav ; Cibulková, Petra (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
The submitted text pursues the string of rather complex events called the Russian-Georgian conflict of August 2008 with attempt to satisfactorily address two separate aspects. First, it summarises the conclusions of the fact-finding mission set up by the European Commission in December of th same year. The purpose of this chapter lies in both acquainting readers with the substantial findings compiled by the delegated team of experts and disclosing the consequences stemming from their final report with regard to energy sector. Second, thesis assesses the nature of motives, which led two major rivals, i.e. Georgia and Russian Federation, into deteriorating the situation towards open violence. The analysis derives from information promulgated in the final report of the above-mentioned mission as well as official documents specifying the national energy strategies of respective countries. The main intent of this section aims at clarifying whether and to what extent both parties engaged in the military conflict did pursued their own energy policies.
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Mediation as a method of international dispute resolution
Hána, Lukáš ; Peterková, Jana (advisor) ; Havlová, Radka (referee)
Mediation is currently the most frequently used method for the resolution of armed conflicts in the international relations. Thanks to the participation of a neutral third party as a mediator it is possible to conduct peace negotiations even in the cases when participants are not willing to communicate directly with each other. The study summarizes the basic theoretical knowledge concerning the mediation, describes mediator's role, different forms and styles of mediation and other factors, that have influence on it. This knowledge is applied to the two case studies. Summits in Camp David in 1978 and 2000 are described in terms of initial conditions, course, participants and their styles of negotiation and last but not least their success. By comparing these two summits, the author formulates conclusions, which reflect the mediation efforts by the United States of America in their endeavor to settle the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and which highlight the greatest difficulties of the peace talks.
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Vliv válek a ozbrojených konfliktů na ekonomiku Izraele
Burdová, Michaela ; Volenec, Otakar (advisor) ; Langhammerová, Radka (referee)
Diplomová práce se zabývá vlivem hlavních válek a ozbrojených konfliktů na ekonomiku státu Izrael od jeho vzniku v roce 1948 až po současnost. Jejím cílem je stručně popsat ekonomický vývoj Izraele, dát ho do souvislosti s jednotlivými konflikty a pokusit se odpovědět na základní otázky ? jaké jsou negativní a jaké pozitivní vlivy těchto konfliktů na ekonomiku Izraele a které z těchto vlivů převažují.
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