|
|
Nursing care for newborns with oxygen therapy
Dubská, Aneta ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Sedlářová, Petra (referee)
The present thesis focuses on the nursing care of newborns with oxygenotherapy and its specifics. Furthermore, the thesis includes a review analysis of the respondents' knowledge related to oxygenotherapy in newborns. This thesis consists of two main parts, theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the principles of oxygen administration, methods of administration, the most common conditions requiring oxygen therapy and its complications. The basic knowledge in neonatology is often crucial for obtaining this information, which is highlighted in this thesis. Also, basic nursing care of neonates with oxygen therapy is briefly characterized. The aim of the empirical part of the thesis is to compare the obtained knowledge analysis of the nurses of the selected specialist units, namely the neonatal unit and the delivery room. The research method of the empirical part of this thesis was a quantitative research survey, focused on the knowledge of paediatric nurses, midwives and nurses of other job classifications working in neonatal wards or delivery rooms. The 21-item questionnaire was designed for this thesis only and was administered anonymously. The results of the survey showed that the knowledge of paediatric nurses and midwives in caring for neonates with oxygen therapy...
|
|
|
High flow nasal oxygen therapy as an alternative to mechanical ventilation in COVID+ patients in intensive care
Čermáková, Radka ; Juřena, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Ďásková, Pavla (referee)
Keywords: Oxygen therapy; Artificial lung ventilation; High-flow; Covid-19; Treatment of respiratory disease This thesis deals with supportive respiratory, ventilation, and non-invasive techniques of respiratory support related to the global Covid-19 pandemic that affected the lives of many people between 2020 and 2021. During this pandemic, high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (High- flow) emerged as a possible alternative to artificial lung ventilation in Covid-positive patients. The thesis addresses the issues related to the high-flow device, the experiences of nurses with it, and whether it can be an alternative to artificial lung ventilation for Covid-positive patients in intensive care. The theoretical part characterizes topics such as oxygen therapy, artificial lung ventilation, high-flow, Covid-19, treatment of respiratory disease, and the Hacor score. The empirical part is based on two conducted quantitative studies. The aim of the first quantitative survey was to determine whether the nurses are familiar with the high-flow device, its principles, usage, and whether they have received sufficient training on this device. The second quantitative survey aimed to illustrate the ventilation modes used in all hospitalized patients who underwent artificial lung ventilation or high-flow therapy to...
|
|
|
Design of Oxygen Concentrator
Korábová, Anežka ; Paliatka, Peter (referee) ; Sládek, Josef (advisor)
The topic of the diploma thesis is the design of an oxygen concentrator. The aim is to design an oxygen concentrator for two people with a primary focus on the hospital environment. The design is based on extensive design and technical research and user analysis. The design is distinguished by the orientation of the handling elements respecting the target environment as well as partial ergonomic aspects. The design is compact and elegant yet incorporates interesting form elements such as dynamic bevels or tension of the front surface. The main contribution of the design is an increase in aesthetic quality compared to competitors and an ergonomically innovative approach.
|
|
|
Nursing procedures as the essentials of respiratory tract in clinical praxis.
SVÁROVSKÁ, Tereza
The main goal of this bachelor thesis was a comprehensive mapping of airway care in clinical practice. Before entering practice, we must become nursing students and gain the appropriate knowledge and skills in care, so this research is focused not only on the hospital environment, but also on campus in teaching nursing procedures to teachers and students. The goals of the thesis were to map the Standards in nursing care of the respiratory tract, which can serve as a theoretical and practical basis for students and nursing staff. Another goal was to examine the theoretical teaching of students and, if necessary, to discover gaps in the teaching of respiratory care and to suggest improvements in teaching. The last stated goal of the research was to search for innovations that are used in respiratory care. The methods of semi-structured interview and non-participant observation were used in the quvalitative survey. The first research method involved a semi-structured interview has been addressing 3 groups of participants and adding subcategories to them. The first group of participants was consisted of nursing staff and the subcategory was focused on the characteristics of the research group of participants, who were selected from the internal medicine, infectious and surgical departments. The condition was to work with the AIRVO 2 device and the tracheostomy cannula. The research questions focused on the specifics of respiratory care. The introductory research question was set in such a way as to map the specific care of the nasal cavity in modern high-flow oxygen therapy using the AIRVO 2 device. This is confirmed by the results of nurses who do not know these specifics and are therefore not sufficiently trained about possible complications and their solutions. Another issue examined was the study of the Standards in the care of the oral cavity with an established tracheostomy cannula. The research has shown that most nurses motivate the self-sufficient patient to take care of themselves and contribute to the aids that the patient uses. This research with students showed that oral care in a patient with an established tracheostomy cannula is not taught at all. Means that reduce bacterial colonization in the oral cavity are little used. The third question focused on the time allocation for teaching nursing procedures focused on respiratory care. The research has shown that most participants perceive the time allowance as sufficient. Teaching is realized in 4-hour blocks. My research also included mapping the tools that students have available to teach this issue. Students and teachers presented selected aids, all aids were sufficient, except for the model of the Trachcare system at tracheostomy cannula, which lacks an outlet for airway lavage and flushing of the Trachcare system. According to research, It is perceive the AIRVO 2 medical device as an innovation, which reduces care costs, time and, most importantly, is easy to handle. The last question which was mapped the students' knowledge. All the research could serve not only as a support for students, but also for nurses in practice.
|
|
|
Exposure to toxic concentrations of oxygen in ICU patients
Petránková, Eliška ; Bakalář, Bohumil (advisor) ; Jankovcová, Kateřina (referee) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Oxygen supplementation has been an important part of respiratory failure treatment in all fields of clinical medicine, especially on intensive care units (hereinafter referred to as ICU). Oxygen therapy is a life-saving measure but indiscriminate administration of oxygen can cause lung and nerve damage and consequently increase morbidity and mortality (1). In clinical practice we often encounter mechanically ventilated patients with high partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (5) which should direct our attention to possible consequences and have reliable data how is oxygen treatment managed. This thesis focuses on the exposure to toxic concentrations of oxygen on the resuscitation ward. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether patients are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Two other aims of this study are to find out how long are patients in a state of hyperoxemia and whether medical staff reacts to measured partial pressures of oxygen (hereinafter referred to as paO2) values in these patients by reducing oxygen fraction (hereinafter referred to as FiO2) on the ventilator. The research part of this thesis is a quantitative observational retrospective research. The inclusion criteria were hospital admission from 1st July to 1st October 2019, at least two paO2 values greater...
|
|
|
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in intensive care
MIČKA, Lukáš
The theoretical part of work named: "Hyperbaric oxygenotherapy in intensive care" consists of chapters releated to hyperbaroxia as a method, the hyperbaric chambers and hyperbaric oxygen. For its practical part there were created 7 targets regarding intensive care. The main purpose was an investigation of experience with effects, complications and negative consequences of the therapy. A research was also released to the part of therapeutic and nursing interventions. After that we focused on specifications of work with a child in hyperbaria and specification of hyperbaric equipment. We studied also prevention against nosocomial infection and factors which could increase a risk of stress and cause making errors by staff. To fill the target it was released a quality research investigation based on indiviual semi-structured interview. The interview included 16 questions which were answered by doctors and nurses from hyperbaric clinic in Kladno and Ostrava. To complete the studies, data analysis were used from 9 patients treated in the chamber. According the results it was comfirmed that using of this method makes visible a health profile in case of some types after each exposition. The Hyperbaroxy is considered as a safe and there are not serious complications caused by treatment for the respondents. Intervention HBO in acute care is not so different from that one in ICU. The only diference is a space condition. Specific premedication and nursing in case of the child till the age of 10 years is solved by special paediatric nurse. To release HBO therapy - it is necessary for the clinic to have a special respirator and medical ventilator for hyperbaric conditions. It was confirmed a complete sterility of hyperbaric spaces caused by keeping hygienic plan in a hospital. Factors which are increasing a risk as a stress and error exist, nevertheless keeping prevention steps by staff minimalize them. The bachelor thesis should be used as an information based on a basic inquiry about treatment, education and efficiency of the treatment in the hyperbaric chamber. That can be used by patiens thinking about care with hyperbaric oxygen as well as a future medical and nursing staff studying medical or nonmedical health branches.
|
|
|
Selected nursing procedures in the development context
TURHOBROVÁ, Adéla
The development of medicine and technology related to the level of healthcare as a whole is historically accompanied with changes in nursing practices that have increased their demands over the years. This caused a specific need for the diversification of nursing activities and their specialization. The aim of this work is to map out specialized nursing processes of the field of internal medicine from their formation to the present, showing healthcare as a progressive sector, where new knowledge and technologies induce the need for new activities that the medical nursing staff must manage for the benefit of the patient. This basic objective will be documented in selected specialized nursing care activities divided into three professional sections - development of oxygen therapy, catheterization of the bladder and venous blood collection. The basis for the diploma thesis is the development of specialization of nursing practices on the basis of economic, political, cultural or religious influence. The results of the research show that the development of nursing practices has been constantly changing since their inception, not only in connection with the development and availability of quality aids, but also by the effort to create the most effective nursing process with regard to the needs of the patient as well as the non-medical medical staff. The diploma thesis also shows the professional competencies that have been added to the general nurses in the context of time. In the first part, dealing with the development of oxygen therapy, there is considerable interconnection of this process with the war period. There was also a significant difference in the distinctions in competences in the provision of oxygen therapy to nurses in the Czech Republic and abroad. Despite the fact that the non-medical healthcare professionals is currently preparing and subsequently applying Oxygen treatment on their own, they can only do so on the basis of a doctor's office. In contrast, for example, in the 1930s, in the USA, the nurse was regulating the oxygen alone within its competencies. The second part of the diploma thesis was oriented on the characteristics of the development of bladder catheterization. Particularly in this section is the development of nursing competencies, as it was just bladder catheterization, which in history was the sole competence of an experienced physician. The diploma thesis demonstrates not only the development of the procedure, the aids, the reduction of risks accompanying this method, but also the gradual assistance of the non-medical medical staff until the definition of the period when they are fully competent to perform this task. The last part of the diploma thesis is focused on the development of venous blood collection in order to obtain sufficient quantity for blood analysis. In this area, is not onlz the development of the nursing process in connection with the technique or aids, but also the necessity of observing the aseptic approach. The result of the presented work represents a significant contribution, because only with the knowledge of nursing techniques in the whole range, people can avoid mistakes from history. Also, the view of the selected nursing practice in the context of time brings knowledge of the inactivity of development and is thus the undisputed motivation of non-medical health personnel to participate in the constant innovation of nursing practices and thus to deepen the specialization and level of nursing care.
|
|
|
Premature Newborn Care Now and in the Past
Kopřivová, Lenka ; Kulhavá, Miluše (advisor) ; Smíšek, Jan (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The thesis deals with the care of premature newborns. The structure of the thesis is divided into several chapters, which focus on the definition of neonatology and development of the neonatal care in the Czech Republic and abroad and on the definition of premature newborn and their most common diseases. Substantial part is devoted to development of the care of premature newborn and its current status. The final part of the thesis is devoted to interviews with the nurses, who have been working in the neonatal intensive care unit for long time. The thesis is formed by description and used it in written and electronic resources. The aim of the thesis is overview of the development of care of premature newborn in the past and present. Key words: Neonatalogy, development of neonatalogy, Oxygen therapy, Kangaroo mother care, history of incubators, Virginie Apgar, UPMD history, classification of the newborn, resuscitation of the newborn, congenial defects, history of Gynaecology and Obstetric Clinic VFN, history of the Institute for the care for mother and child, newborn screening, newborn nutrition
|
|
|
Oxygen therapy after cardiothoracic surgery from the point of view of nurses and patients
VRCHOTOVÁ, Klára
Cardiac surgeries are very serious surgical procedures with considerable specific features. This bachelor thesis focuses on oxygen therapy from the viewpoints of nurses and patients. Its theoretical part describes physiology of breathing and the oxygen therapy as such. It describes individual sources of oxygen and indications for oxygen administration. It also describes principles to be observed during oxygen administration. Specific aids are used for oxygen administration, particularly oxygen masks or oxygen goggles. Quality pulmonary rehabilitation is also necessary to make oxygen therapy more effective. Pulmonary rehabilitation is particularly important for patients after a cardiac surgery and it should be practiced even before the surgery. This approach is critical because in the post-surgery period the therapy makes it possible for the patient to breathe and to expectorate properly. Pulmonary rehabilitation is practiced with patients by general nurses at the cardio surgery ward, as well as by physiotherapists. There are various techniques available to determine efficiency of oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. The techniques may be classified as invasive and non-invasive; the most frequently used non-invasive method is pulse oxymetry and the most frequently used invasive technique is blood collection for ABR. Two objectives were set for the thesis. The first objective was to map knowledge of nurses about how to provide care to patients treated with oxygen therapy. The second objective was to determine how the patients feel after a cardiac surgery. Two hypotheses and two research questions were formulated. The first hypotheses were: Nurses working at the resuscitation care station have more knowledge about oxygen therapy than nurses working at the intermediate care station. The second hypothesis was: Nurses working at the resuscitation care station have more knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation than nurses working at the intermediate care station. The first research question was: How do the patients feel during oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation? The second research question was: How are the patients after a cardiac surgery informed about oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation? In the research part of the bachelor thesis I have used both quantitative and qualitative research methods. Quantitative processing of data was used for questionnaires filled out by nurses working in the hospitals Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., Nemocnice na Homolce in Prague and in the faculty hospital Královské Vinohrady in Prague. The method was used for evaluation and assessment of knowledge of nurses working at the resuscitation and intermediate care wards. Quantitative methods were used for processing of data obtained through semi-structured interviews with patients after a cardiac surgery. The data were transcribed and coded using a pencil and paper method. The data were categorized based on the identified codes. Two categories were created: oxygen therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. Each of the categories was further divided into three sub-categories. Two categories were created for the research oxygen therapy and pulmonary therapy. Three sub-categories were subsequently created for the oxygen therapy and the pulmonary therapy. The quantitative research has shown that the knowledge of nurses about oxygen therapy is higher among the nurses working at the resuscitation care ward. However, the situation is different in case of their knowledge about pulmonary rehabilitation. In this case the knowledge of nurses working at the intermediate care ward was higher. The processed data from the qualitative research have shown that patients do have sufficient information about post-surgery oxygen therapy, as well as about pulmonary rehabilitation. For all patients in the post-surgery period after a cardiac surgery the frequency of pulmonary rehabilitation was higher than 1 per day.
|
|
|
Oxygen therapy in newborns of nursing perspective
KADLEČKOVÁ, Zuzana
The thesis concerns the treatment of newborns with oxygen from the nursing perspective. Work has part of theoretical and of research. In the theoretical part I focus on the latest European Resuscitation Council best practices in the administration of oxygen as well as longer-term oxygen according to best practices of the Czech neonatology in inpatient Department. First, particular attention devoted to the reconstruction of the fetoplacental circulation of the newborn with subsequent changes in his lung and blood circulation after birth, because it is an integral part of the knowledge in the treatment of oxygen. The next section is devoted to the principles of the first treatment of the newborn, in particular with regard to the assessment of the postnatal adaptation and the decision to open the oxygen therapy by nurse or midwife assistant. The following are mentioned in the work at the same time valid recommendations for the resuscitation of the newborn, again with an emphasis on the question of the use of oxygen. In the next chapter is summarized the most common neonatal pathology, which requires oxygenotherapy. The following chapter covers ways to feed oxygen to newborns as early in the process of adaptation, so when a stay in the neonatal intensive care unit. There are described the proper techniques of monitoring and summarises the complications of treatment with oxygen in its inadequate application. Research section includes the identification of the knowledge of the nursing staff in the treatment of oxygen for newborns and then system in the education of nursing staff in matters of oxygen therapy. For research were established two objectives. The first objective is to map the knowledge of nursing staff in the principles of application of oxygen for newborns in the neonatal intensive care and resuscitation and in the birthing room. And the aim of the second was to determine what form is tutored by the nursing staff in the area of oxygen for newborns. On the basis of these objectives have been laid down 3 research questions. The first question is: What are the main differences between knowledge and best practice version of the nursing staff in the application of oxygen for a newborn? The second question is: Is the education of nursing staff in the resuscitation of the emphasis is on the practical implementation and on the systematic recurrence? And the third question is: How does the education staff in the principles of oxygen therapy beyond resuscitation? For research inquiries, he was elected qualitative research. For data collection have been used individual interviews with 5 children's nurses, who work in a specialized neonatologickém work in the field of neonatal intensive care units and in the field of bithings rooms of the Hospital Department in České Budějovice a.s. The Interviews were subsequently rewritten into a Bachelor's thesis and at the conclusion of the results of a detailed table was created, where results are presented. Of the investigation can be concluded that nursing staff have sufficient knowledges in the field of oxygen therapy in newborns and nursing and best practices in the application of oxygen. As regards education, which relates to the resuscitation of newborns is done regularly, once a year in the Department The results of the work could be used to identify deficiencies in training in the field of application of oxygen in resuscitation with the aim of directing the education of personnel in this area.
|
guest ::
