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Cross-sectional study of selected legal regulations in the field of alcohol with a specific focus on the methanol case
Fialová Mikešová, Tereza ; Šejvl, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Rolová, Gabriela (referee)
Background: In 2012, there were massive poisonings with harmful alcohol laced with methanol throughout the Czech Republic. As a result of intoxications, not only death but also damage of health of various degrees occurred. The event, which directly endangered public health, brought new experience and, among other things, confirmed the thesis accepted in professional circles that no way of consuming alcohol is necessarily safe or even beneficial to health, which is why there is a need to change the approach to alcohol. Aim: The aim of the bachelor thesis was to briefly describe the development of selected legislative regulations aimed at reducing alcohol consumption on our territory from the establishment of the independent republic to the present day and to describe the procedure and measures applied by state administration authorities during methanol poisonings and the effects of this phenomenon on the further development of legislation in the context of the event. Methods: Content qualitative analysis of written materials was used. In the first place, suitable documents issued by state administration bodies, legal regulations published in the Collection of Laws and media communications were selected. The obtained data were subsequently subjected to a qualitative content analysis, on the basis of...
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The toxicity of vitamin D
Drouliskou, Eleftheria ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Janoušek, Jiří (referee)
Vitamin D has essential role in skeletal health, however studies over the recent years have outlined its implication in many other physiological functions. The importance of vitamin D for health has, on one hand, raised needs for supplementation but may, on the other hand, lead to excessive administration. Vitamin D toxicity or hypervitaminosis D due to excess of vitamin D is a medical condition manifested mainly as hypercalcemia, with mostly gastrointestinal and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Long-term administration of large doses of vitamin D can result in vascular calcification and hence by associated with a cardiovascular risk. Hypervitaminosis D is extremely rare likely due to high therapeutic index of vitamin D. The clinical research shows an administration of 10.000 IU/day of vitamin D, which meets the criteria for the tolerable upper intake level, even for extended period, is probably not associated with adverse effects in almost all individuals in general population. However there are case studies globally showing vitamin D toxicity can occur due to misuse of over-the-counter vitamin D supplements, inappropriate prescribing or uncontrolled administration of high dose unlicensed preparations.
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Comparison of adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of diosmectite and charcoal on selected compounds that often cause acute intoxication in adult population of the Czech Republic
Mináriková, Michaela ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
In the treatment of acute intoxications, one of the treatment procedures is an antidote submission, e.g. diosmectite and activated charcoal, where an antidote is a substance which acts antagonistically and disturbingly with the toxic effect of a toxic substance. The aim of this work was to compare the adsorption capabilities of activated charcoal and diosmectite in selected model compounds which are the most common originators of acute intoxications in the adult population of the Czech Republic. The actual comparison of adsorption capabilities of these sorbents was preceded by issues search processing of ten groups of substances that cause the most acute intoxications and subsequent testing of the proposed method for future detailed testing of adsorption and adsorption efficiency of different sorbents. Of the ten groups of substances five model compounds were selected: dosulepin, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, promethazine and phenobarbital, on which adsorption of diosmectite, activated charcoal, and mixture of these sorbents was compared in the experimental part of this work. This comparison of the adsorption capabilities of sorbents was carried out not only under neutral conditions, but also in an alkaline and acidic environment which simulated physiological conditions in different parts of the...
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Killer plants in Prague and its surroundings: A guide to their diversity and hidden dangers
Kováříková, Kateřina ; Slovák, Marek (advisor) ; Novotný, Petr (referee)
The immobility of plants and their inability to escape from danger is compensated by the creation of various defence strategies, which are used mainly by toxic plants. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis is a literature review on the topic of poisonous (toxic) plants, both in the context of defence mechanisms and their importance for human society. The thesis deals with the description of the main groups of toxic plant compounds, summarizes their chemical composition, properties, distribution, and effects on the human body. The second half of the work is focused on the diversity of wild-growing but also of some cultivated toxic plants of our landscape with a specific focus on the flora of Prague and its immediate surroundings. It analyzes plant representatives from two families, important for the production of toxic secondary metabolites, in more detail. Specifically, they are the aubergine (Solanaceae) and buttercup (Ranunculaceae) families. Along with the description of partial representatives, their distribution, ecology, my work also describes the documented poisonings and use of poisonous plants in folk and modern medicine. The impetus for the creation of this work is the low awareness not only of the child population but also of adults, about the dangers, risks, and impact of these toxic...
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A new approach for assessing the suspected pesticide poisonings of honeybees: certified methodology
Erban, Tomáš ; Kamler, Martin ; Kadlíková, Klára ; Markovič, Martin ; Titěra, Dalibor ; Seifrtová, Marcela ; Halešová, Taťána
Honeybee colonies are exposed to hundreds of plant protection products, which are especially due to improper use possible source of honeybee poisoning. The methodology introduces to the issue of honeybee poisoning including legislation and contributes with novel aspects to the indication and evaluation of the suspected honeybee poisonings, which are anually investigated by the State Veterinary Administration and the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture in Czechia. The methodology provides instructions to identify honeybee posining and notification of that finding. Moreover, possible confusions of the poisonings with honeybee diseases are highlighted. Some sections of the methodology provide innovative recommendations for improvement of honeybee poisoning assessing including determination of the extent of colony contamination. The present methodology is useful for the state administration, beekeepers, scientific and educational purposes.
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Comparison of adsorption capacity and adsorption efficiency of diosmectite and charcoal on selected compounds that often cause acute intoxication in adult population of the Czech Republic
Mináriková, Michaela ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Mrízová, Iveta (referee)
In the treatment of acute intoxications, one of the treatment procedures is an antidote submission, e.g. diosmectite and activated charcoal, where an antidote is a substance which acts antagonistically and disturbingly with the toxic effect of a toxic substance. The aim of this work was to compare the adsorption capabilities of activated charcoal and diosmectite in selected model compounds which are the most common originators of acute intoxications in the adult population of the Czech Republic. The actual comparison of adsorption capabilities of these sorbents was preceded by issues search processing of ten groups of substances that cause the most acute intoxications and subsequent testing of the proposed method for future detailed testing of adsorption and adsorption efficiency of different sorbents. Of the ten groups of substances five model compounds were selected: dosulepin, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, promethazine and phenobarbital, on which adsorption of diosmectite, activated charcoal, and mixture of these sorbents was compared in the experimental part of this work. This comparison of the adsorption capabilities of sorbents was carried out not only under neutral conditions, but also in an alkaline and acidic environment which simulated physiological conditions in different parts of the...
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Problematika otrav volně žijících ptáků karbofuranem
Veterinární a farmaceutická univerzita, Fakulta veterinární hygieny a ekologie, Ústav biologie a chorob volně žijících zvířat, Brno ; Mrlík, Vojtěch
Karbofuran: složení, použití, přípravky používané v České republice a způsoby aplikace. Toxicita: účinky, důsledky, hodnoty toxicity, ovlivnění toxického účinku látky, toxicita u savců, u ptáků, ovlivnění toxického účinku látky, metabolismus - odbourání, klinické příznaky otravy. Výsledky rozborů: Materiál a metodika, ohledání mrtvých těl, rentgenologické vyšetření, pitevní vyšetření, chemické vyšetření. Zhodnocení výsledků vlastních analýz: objektivní stanovisko, účinek mírné dávky karbofuranu, letální následky po pozření intoxikované návnady, indicie svědčící pro otravu karbofuranem. Závažnost karbofuranu jako prostředku používaného k trávení volně žijících živočichů: kvantitativní a kvalitativní charakteristika otrav, záměrné trávení volně žijících zvířat, spektrum trávených živočichů, otrava vzácných a ohrožených druhů zvířat.
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