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Multicriterial Tool for Analysis and Predict Human Thermal Stress
Řehák Kopečková, Barbora ; Soukup,, Radek (referee) ; Kolářová,, Jana (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
The thesis is concerned with the development of a multi-criteria tool capable of determining, for given input conditions, the most appropriate model for predicting the thermal state of a person in a protective suit, based on developed objective decision scheme. Four heat stress indices or physiological models were selected for the development of this tool: PHS (Predicted Heat Strain), IPHS (Individual Predicted Heat Strain), Gagg's 2-node model and the FMTK model. The algorithms of PHS, IPHS and Gagge were implemented in Matlab. Subsequently, all 4 models were validated against the experimental results. Based on the results of the validations, the applicability of these models for predicting human heat stress was verified. For some models, the applicability conditions were possible to extend. The accuracy of rectal temperature prediction was the main criteria. Furthermore, based on the results of the validation studies, metrics were selected to build an objective decision system. This was used to select the most appropriate model for the given environmental conditions. In the cooperation with SÚJCHBO, the data for model validation were delivered: 140 tests were carried out for 4 protective suits (FOP, Tyhem, Tiger, OPCH) and 4 ambient temperatures (-10, 5, 25 and 35 °C). 12 test persons were involved, 6 male test persons aged 29-53 years, 170-187 cm tall and weighing 69-92 kg, and 6 female test persons aged 28-49 years, 158-176 cm tall and weighing 56-71 kg. In total, 1987 simulations have been carried out using selected models, for different initial values of rectum and skin temperature, and for different estimates of metabolic activity. A look-up table was created to find the most appropriate model for the given conditions according to the inputs to the multicriteria tool via a decision scheme, based on the evaluation of the results of the simulations against the experiments in terms of the MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and the difference between the predicted and measured rectal temperature at the end of the test. Finally, the resulting multicriteria tool was created in Excel, including a graphical interface for entering values.
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Apparatus for measuring the thermal resistance of the gloves
Pelikán, Jakub ; Fišer, Jan (referee) ; Hejčík, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with common problem health protection at work. Namely hand protection during the work in very cold environment. It’s an analysis of materials suitable for apparatus used for measuring the thermal resistance of the gloves. There was analysed a range of materials. Every single sample was tested for heat conductivity and afterwards was assessed the suitability of materials. Heat was generated by electricity. Ocured heat fields was assessed with thermocamera. After performed experiments of carbon fiber we haven’t reached any satisfying results which we could use for manufacturing of this device. On the other hand kapton film has given very interesting results which we would recommend eventually. Kapton film needs to be modify according to the method listed in the conlusion. This thesis gives us a clear overview and inspiration for additional research of this device. It finds it’s place in research facilities and companies manufacturing protective clothing.
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Determination of Clothing Evaporative Resistance for - Thermo-Physiology Modelling using a Thermal Mannequin
Toma, Róbert ; Hes,, Luboš (referee) ; Lunerová, Kamila (referee) ; Jícha, Miroslav (advisor)
Globálne otepľovanie a klimatické zmeny sú aktuálne jednou z najdiskutovanejších tém na svete. Keďže začíname vidieť jasné známky klimatických zmien, je nutné sa čoraz viac zaoberať ochranou ľudského zdravia pred tepelnou záťažou aj na miestach sveta, kde táto téma nebola v minulosti aktuálna. Pracovníci vo viacerých profesiách, hlavne v tých ktoré využívajú špeciálne ochranné odevy, môžu byť potencionálne ohrozený vplyvom tepla. Je známe že vyparovanie potu z tela je hlavným termoregulačným prvkom ľudského tela a práve použitie takýchto ochranných odevov, obmedzujúcich toto vyparovanie, v kombinácií s vysokou aktivitou môže byť zdraviu nebezpečné. Z týchto dôvodov sa do popredia dostávajú termofyziologické modeli alebo predikčné modeli tepelnej záťaže, ktoré sú neustále vylepšované a aplikované v rôznych situáciách. Jednými z najproblematickejších vstupných dát takýchto modelov patria vlastnosti odevu – tepelná izolácia, faktor oblasti prekrytia oblečením a odpor odevu proti vyparovaniu, ktorých nepresné hodnoty môžu spôsobiť veľké nepresnosti vo finálny predikciách týchto modelov. Napriek tomu že meranie tepelnej izolácie odevu pomocou tepelných manekýnov je už zavedené, spoľahlivé a presné, to isté nie je možné povedať o meraní odporu odevu proti vyparovaniu, ktoré je stále vo svojich začiatkoch. Cieľom tejto práce bolo vyvinúť a implementovať experimentálne zariadenie, procedúru merania a spôsob kalkulácie pre získanie odporu odevu proti vyparovaniu pomocou manekýna NEWTON-a na VUT v Brne. Výsledky merania boli validované na základe dát nameraných pomocou manekýna TORE na Univerzite v Lunde. Reprodukovateľnosť merania bola na úrovni do 4 % rozdielu od strednej hodnoty takmer vo všetkých prípadoch. Výsledky ukazujú že je možné dosiahnuť dobrej reprodukovateľnosti merania pri striktnom dodržaní metodológie merania. Výsledky taktiež ukázali dobru opakovateľnosť merania, kedy bol dosiahnutý výsledok opäť na úrovni 4 % na oboch manekýnoch, čo je zároveň aj požadovaná hranica určená v normách pre meranie tepelnej izolácie odevu. Ďalším bodom práce bola verifikácia samotnej kalkulácie výparného odporu. Aj keď mass loss metóda určuje priamo intenzitu prenosu hmoty vyparovaním a najbližšie opisuje samotný jav vyparovania potu z ľudského tela, nie je vhodná pre určenie lokálnych hodnôt odporu proti vyparovaniu odevov z dôvodu technických limitácií senzorov a tepelných manekýnov. Z tohto dôvodu je použitá heat loss metóda, ktorej výpočet však musí byť korigovaný. Súčasťou práce bolo testovanie a verifikácia viacerých korekcií tejto metódy, čo môže byť prínosom výskumných pracovníkov z oblasti termofyziológie, keďže tieto lokálne hodnoty vlastností odevov sú pre dosiahnutie presných predikcii priam nevyhnutné. Úspešná implementácia a validácia možnosti merania odporu odevu proti vyparovaniu na VUT v Brne pomocou tepelného manekýna prináša taktiež nové možnosti pre ďalšie projekty a kooperácie v rámci výskumnej ci komerčnej činnosti Univerzity.
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Apparatus for measuring the thermal resistance of the gloves
Pelikán, Jakub ; Fišer, Jan (referee) ; Hejčík, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis deals with common problem health protection at work. Namely hand protection during the work in very cold environment. It’s an analysis of materials suitable for apparatus used for measuring the thermal resistance of the gloves. There was analysed a range of materials. Every single sample was tested for heat conductivity and afterwards was assessed the suitability of materials. Heat was generated by electricity. Ocured heat fields was assessed with thermocamera. After performed experiments of carbon fiber we haven’t reached any satisfying results which we could use for manufacturing of this device. On the other hand kapton film has given very interesting results which we would recommend eventually. Kapton film needs to be modify according to the method listed in the conlusion. This thesis gives us a clear overview and inspiration for additional research of this device. It finds it’s place in research facilities and companies manufacturing protective clothing.
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Protective Decontamination Measures Implemented by the Crews of the Fire and Rescue Protective Service of the Czech Republic. An Operation Aimed at a Highly Hazardous Infection.
IKAVCOVÁ, Hana
Decontamination performed by units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic in interventions with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection This bachelor thesis focuses on development of an overview of the employed technical means and methods of decontamination in interventions with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection, performed by units of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic. The inputs for the thesis consisted of the referenced literature and results of a questionnaire research of the equipment of the Fire Rescue Service units in the Czech Republic. Another objective of the thesis was to develop a draft List for the fire fighting units, called Type activities performed by components of the Integrated Rescue System in a common intervention with a suspicion of a highly dangerous infection.
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