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Juniper pastures in the Wallachia area and predictors of their preservation
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Mudrák, Ondřej (referee)
Common juniper (Juniperus communis), as a species of predominantly open habitats, used to be part of semi-natural grassland communities, such a pastures. In the area of Moravian Wallachia (eastern part of the Czech Republic) this type of grassland is known as juniper pasture, however as in the whole of Europe, it is a type of habitat that is disappearing rapidly from the landscape, among other reasons due to the absence of juveniles in the population. A total of 20 potentially preserved juniper pastures were identified within nine cadastral areas in the Moravian Wallachia (Beskydy Protected Landscape Area) and visited during the vegetation period. The total number of J. communis individuals was recorded, including their dendrometric (crown height and radius) and descriptive characteristics (sex, vitality, developmental stage, sociability, form). Characteristics of vegetation cover and type of site management were also recorded to define the main factors influencing the vitality and proportion of juvenile individuals in the population of J. communis. Field research was supplemented by analyses of orthophotos and topographical data processed in a GIS environment. In total 2,896 juniper were recorded at 20 locations, while the population of J. communis in the area of interest can be characterized by...
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Habitatové preference, stanovištní dynamika a management hmyzu vázaného na staré stromy
PLÁTEK, Michal
The thesis presents studies on habitat preferences of beetles associated with senescent, open-grown trees and on dynamics and management of saproxylic habitats. It presents a brief insight into the current issues in the conservation of insects dependent on old trees. It presents the patterns of exploitation by a veteran tree specialist within old open-grown trees and the local patterns of tree exploitation by the same species at sites with different characteristics. Further, it presents a study of the effect of a prunning technique on formation of deadwood microhabitats, and also the importance of active interventions in closed-canopy forests for the communities in temperate lowland woodlands.
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Wallachian pastures: condition, preservation and conservation potential
Mizera, Ondřej ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
For centuries, pastures were an important part of the European landscape. Grazing was widespread in the Moravian Wallachia region, where a unique grazing landscape was created. The aim of this thesis is to clarify which pastures were preserved to this day in eleven cadastral areas of the Rožnovská Bečva River valley and evaluates their importance for nature conservation. For this purpose, imprints of historical maps of Stable Cadastre for half of the 19th century were used and a vector layer of former pastures was created. In the ArcGIS Pro program, this vector layer of pastures was compared with the NATURA 2000 habitat mapping layer, the consolidated ecosystem layer (KVES), the zonation of the Beskydy Protected Landscape Area and the network of small-scale protected areas. The current state of former pastures was examined and land used changes between common and private pastures were compared. It was found that a high proportion of historic pastures has disappeared. The main reason for the disappearance is artificial afforestation; other pastures were abandoned and overgrown spontaneously. Some historical pastures, more often common pastures located near the settlements, were built up. The pastures preserved so far are very valuable for conservation and are an important component of the local...
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Comparison of reproductive parameters of Central European populations of the critically endangered Hermit butterfly (Chazara briseis)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kadlec, Tomáš (referee)
The Hermit butterfly Chazara briseis is a species from the family Nymphalidae, inhabiting mostly short-stemmed dry steppes. In Central Europe, it is critically endangered. It is therefore currently the subject of many conservation activities, including reintroductions. In such translocations of individuals, it is important that the native and source populations be as closely related as possible in all respects. Therefore, individuals of two forms of this species, Ch. briseis pannonica (Austrian population) and Ch. briseis bataia (Czech population) were bred and their reproductive characteristics were recorded and the differences between the two forms were observed. During two seasons 5 Austrian and 8 Czech females were successfully bred. The Austrian and Czech populations differed mainly in the timing of adult hatching and the beginning of the laying of eggs by females - Austrian individuals are phenologically shifted to one week to 14 days earlier. Individual populations of the same species may also differ from each other in the presence of Wolbachia pipientis. This bacterium can affect the sex ratio in a population as well as the reproduction behavior of individuals. There was a suspicion of its presence in the Czech population. Therefore, a part of the Czech population was treated with...
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The effect of different management strategies on the dynamics of saproxylic insect habitats
ŠEBEK, Pavel
The thesis concerns studies on habitats utilized by insects associated with deadwood. It presents a review of current issues in the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity. The effects of active intervention on temperate lowland woodland habitats, such as pollarding or coppicing, are evaluated in terms of their suitability for saproxylic communities and other groups. Further, the importance of open-grown trees for saproxylic diversity is assessed.
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