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The effect of low-protein diet on progression of chronic kidney disease
Čmerdová, Kristýna ; Karbanová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Tesař, Vladimír (referee)
Background: Low protein diet is one of the treatments for patients with chronic kidney disease during the pre-dialysis period. Studies about this subject have been published for more than 20 years, but the conclusions about its effect and the most appropriate composition are not clear. A low-protein diet is recommended for some patients at the Nephrology Clinic of General University Hospital. These patients are educated and re- educated by a nutrition therapist who also controls their food intake through a food diary. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of low-protein diet on the progression of chronic kidney disease in our conditions and to compare the results with the control group. Furthermore, to evaluate the nutritional status of these patients and the influence of the diet on it. Last but not least, describe a set of patients coming to education about low-protein diet. Methods: The input data was retrospectively retrieved from the medical records of patients who attended medical checks at the Nephrology Clinic of General University Hospital between 10/2016 and 3/2018. A group of 15 patients with a low-protein diet was compared with a control group of 15 patients who did not receive low-protein diet education. The main data collected was year of birth, estimated GFR, urea, creatinine, albumin,...
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Assessment of nutritional status of the elderly population living in rest home and at home
SVATOŠOVÁ, Tereza
The bachelor thesis with the title "Assesment of Nutritional Status of the Elderly Population Living in Rest Home and at Home" is concerning problems related to nutrition at old age. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the definition of the old age and the changes of an old body associated with nutrition, and also on needs of energy and of individual nutrients. The thesis is also concerning interactions between food and drugs, nutrition disorders at old age and possibilities how to investigate and assess nutritional state. The experimental group was created by 6 elderly people, 3 people were living in Rest Homes for the Elderly and 3 people were living at home. They were all over 65 years of age. The goal was to investigate their nutritional state and to compare the results we received from people living in Rest Homes for the Elderly and people living at home. There was chosen qualitative research form of investigation. We firstly received basic information that concerned anthropometrical data, personal health anamnesis, family anamnesis, etc. in form of semi structured interview. We recorded answers obtained from interviewees' 1 week nutritional questionnaires. There are recorded data of each elderly person received during the interview in the practical part of the thesis, there is also calculated recommended intake of energy and nutrients, calculation of food pattern received from the software program "Nutriservis Professional" and in the end, there are carried out some recommendations. We can see from the results that the elderly fail to have appropriate fluids intake, they do not have enough vegetables, legumes, fish and fish products. Investigated elderly people preferred fats to carbohydrates. However, it is not possible to conclude explicitly based on found results that the nutritional state in the interviewed people from the Rest Home for Elderly is better than in people living at home. But the nutritional patterns of elderly people from Rest Homes for Elderly had better choice of appropriate food and meals were rarely repeated. It is necessary for the Elderly to receive more information on the nutrition so that they can realize that also at their old age it is important to eat proper diet with sufficient quantity so that it will meet the requirements concerning their actual needs. The research result and recommendation can be used by organizations that take care of the elderly people and also by the elderly themselves as the source of information about nutrition and proper diet.
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Quality of life and development of nutritional status of patiens on home parenteral nutrition
Vítková, Martina ; Křížová, Jarmila (advisor) ; Trachta, Pavel (referee)
My Bachelor thesis focuses on life quality evaluation and nutritional status development in patients on a home parenteral nutrition (HPN). Theoretical part focuses on general information about patient examination after their arrival in a hospital. It further focuses on indication, division, composition and complications of parenteral nutrition and it gives a brief summary of basic knowledge about parenteral nutrition applied in home environment. HPN is most often recommended in patients with short bowel syndrom, ileus or some oncological diseases. The main expected benefit of HPN is an option for the patient to persist at home surrounded by family as opposed to being in a hospital. Even though HPN still comes with many complications, these patients still have a chance to live a relatively normal life. Two goals were set to evaluate the practical part of the thesis. First goal is to assesses the quality of life of patients on HPN and to determine whether the quality of life is changed and if so then how. Second goal is to describe the change of nutritional status in patients on home parenteral nutrition. These goals were achieved by using research questions focused on determining patient's feelings, health complications, ability to take part in physical activity and to integrate back into their work...
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Nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis
Šimková, Simona ; Zikán, Vít (advisor) ; Michalská, Dana (referee)
This diploma focuses on the topic of nutritional status of patients with osteoporosis. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first part, the theoretical part I focus on osteoporosis as the definition of the disease, epidemiology and etiology. Clinical manifestations of the disease, methods of diagnosis and treatment are also mentioned. An important part of the thesis is a description of the risk factors and especially the specification of the nutritional aspects of osteoporosis. The nutrients which are connected or could be connected to the disease are also described. Additionally, the influence of physical activity and smoking is mentioned. The last part is focused on the evaluation of the nutritional status. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the nutrition status of patients with osteoporosis. Few steps were carried out to achieve the target of the thesis. First, the theoretical part was written according to the published bibliography, then the research was performed. The research was attended by 60 women patients from osteological ambulatory in Prague and České Budějovice. The research has several parts that are consequently evaluated. Specifically, a short questionnaire concentrating on the intake of calcium or movement activity of the respondents was made. Another part was a frequency...
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Nutritional condition and food intake in seniors living at home
CHARVÁTOVÁ, Pavla
Bachelor thesis entitled "Nutrition status and intake of food in seniors living at home" deals with nutrition of seniors, food intake and their nutritional status. The theoretical part deals first with the basic concepts of aging, important components of food - the need of energy, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, fiber, calcium and vitamin D as well as drinking and eating. Further, the theoretical work describes all changes of gastrointestinal tract from oral to thin and colon and any complications associated with them - malnutrition, obesity, osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The theoretical work also deals with evaluation of seniors' nutrition and especially with BMI, anamnesis, physical, anthropometric, laboratory and special examinations. The research question related to how the nutritional status of seniors living in a couple or seniors living single. A qualitative and quantitative method was used for processing the research part of the bachelor thesis. The research group created 5 seniors living at home aged 65 or higher. The seniors received a printed arc record at the beginning of the study in 14 days, each senior enrolling the type and amount of consumed diet, fluids, and also recording physical activity and time outdoors. For each senior, personal, family, medical history and basic height and weight data were initially identified. All consumed foods and beverages were entered into the "Nutriservis Professional" program, which calculated the intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, sodium, iron and vitamin D, then the averages of all results for each nutrient were calculated. These merits were compared with the merits for seniors. The ideal weight was determined using BMI for seniors. For each senior, bioimpedance (a special investigation method) was performed using Tanita bioimpedance scales at Nature House facilities in different cities. Using this special examination method, the ratio of fat, water and non-fat mass in the body of each senior was determined. In this facility, each senior was reconsidered. According to Harris Benedict's formula, the recommended amount of energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was calculated. Thereafter, these values were compared to the actual values of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate taken from seniors' diet during the reference period. The data was processed into tables and plain text with short comments. Of all the results I have received, it can be seen that the nutrition in the elderly monitored does not reach the recommended values. Some seniors have failed to fulfill their daily nutritional needs. He buys and cooks food they taste for them. It does not look for sufficient intake of the necessary nutrients. They are not interested in healthy nutrition.
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Prognostic impact of nutritional status of patients with head and neck cancer on the efficacy of concomitant radio(chemo)therapy: A prospective clinical trial.
Králová, Anna ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Vítek, Pavel (referee)
The study is designed as a prospective clinical trial. Patients with histologically proven head and neck cancer treated by curative radiotherapy were included. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pretreatment or posttreatment nutritional status and overall surival or locoregional / distant control. Pretreatment and posttreatment nutritional status was evaluated by body weight, body mass index, total serum protein, albumin, prealbumin, transferin and cholinesterase. Univariete and multivariete regression analyses were applied for prognostic factors associated with survival or tumor control. In this study we demonstrated, that poorer nutritional status prior curative radiotherapy, has a negative impact on subsequent control of cancer. The most sensitive parameter was serum cholinesterase. Serum cholinesterase 108 kat/l was the independent negative prognostic factor for both locoregional and distant tumor control. Results of this study indicate the need for intensive nutritional support before starting of curative treatment.
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Eating habits and behaviors of Czech adolescents in relation to their body weight
Paterová, Zuzana ; Hlavatá, Karolína (advisor) ; Vašíčková, Jitka (referee)
The prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has reached pandemic proportions nowadays. Obese individuals are at risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, musculoskeletal diseases, etc. Children increasingly live a sedentary lifestyle and consume high-energy food with poor combination of nutrients. In the Czech Republic, however, there exist no comprehensive structure for the fight against child obesity and a lack of meaningful data on the prevalence of obesity in adolescent population. This work is drawn up under the project COPAT. The bachelor's thesis deals with the issue of basic nutrients and their relationship to weight, dietary recommendations for adolescents, the assessment of nutritional status, etiology of obesity and obesity-related complications. The main emphasis is placed on the practical part, which focuses on results of the research, which provides information about dietary habits and behaviour of 100 adolescents in relation to their body weight. Key words: obesity, nutrition, nutritional status, adolescents, health risks
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