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Simulation of Accelerator Driven Nuclear Reactor for Spent Nuclear Fuel Transmutation
Jarchovský, Petr ; Ing. Antonín Krása, Ph.D., SCK.CEN Mol (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This master’s thesis deals with usage of burn-up (spent) nuclear fuel in nuclear power plants of next generation – accelerator driven transmutation plants which is produced in current nuclear power plants. This system could significantly reduce the volume of dangerous long-lived radioisotopes and moreover they would be able to take advantage of its great energy potential due to fast neutron spectrum. In the introduction are listed basic knowledge and aspects of spent nuclear fuel along with its reprocessing and the possibility of further use while minimizing environmental impact. As another point detailed description of accelerator driven systems is described together with its basic components. In addition this search is followed by individual chronological enumeration of projects of global significance concerning their current development. Emphasis is placed on SAD and MYRRHA projects, which are used like base for calculations. This last, computational part, deals with the creation of the geometry of subcritical transmutation reactor driven by accelerator and subsequent evaluation which assembly is the most effective for transmutation and energy purposes along with changing of target, nuclear fuel and coolant/moderator.
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Nuclear reactor power detectors based on Cherenkov radiation measurement
Čejka, Lukáš ; ČEZ,, Ondřej Zlámal, (referee) ; Katovský, Karel (advisor)
This work deals with the connection between the luminance of Cherenkov radiation in a nuclear reactor and his power. Cherenkov radiation arises when charged particle passing through the medium if their speed is higher than the phase velocity of light in that medium. In water moderated reactors, it is caused by secondary electrons produced by absorption of gamma rays. The measurement is done using the camera and software for photometric luminance measurements. Furthermore, there is mentioned the use of Cerenkov radiation detection to measure burnout of spent nuclear fuel. There are examples of usage of Cherenkov radiation detection to measure of nuclear reactors power, including an analysis of the measured results on research nuclear reactor VR -1. The measured results show increasing intensity of Cherenkov radiation with increasing reactor power, but residual detection response caused by delayed gamma radiation was observed after the rapid decrease of the reactor power. Possible use of detection luminance of Cherenkov radiation is in monitoring unforeseen increase in reactor power or in the control of used fuel.
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Fuel element characterization
Halabuk, Dávid ; Suk, Ladislav (referee) ; Martinec, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes the fuel rods of VVER reactors. In addition to general description of fuel rod, there is also overview of the nuclear fuel used in the past and at present in Czech and Slovak nuclear power plants, as well as overview of the new trends in development of nuclear fuel. Big part of the thesis is focused on description of nuclear fuel and fuel cladding properties and the individual processes affecting fuel rod during fuel burnup. Next part describes in detail the causes of fuel failures occurring in VVER reactors. The last part of the thesis includes calculation of changes of deformations and stresses occurred in fuel cladding during pellet-cladding interaction. Calculation is done for four different shapes of fuel pellets and in addition to deformation and stress analysis, there are also calculated axial dilatations of fuel column and radial temperature distributions in fuel rod.
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Equipment for the enrichment of nuclear fuel
Ostrezi, Matěj ; Martinec, Jiří (referee) ; Suk, Ladislav (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to review the current knowledge and possibilities dealing with an enrichment of the nuclear fuel and to describe particular methods of the enrichment. An attention is paid to basic principles, functions, technological and power requirements and efficiency of the discussed methods. In conclusion, a difficulty of the enrichment process is pointed out and a balance sheet of the economic impact is made.
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Modern nuclear reactors
Šimík, Michal ; Suk, Ladislav (referee) ; Maar, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis creates an overview of particular types of nuclear reactors, their history, present and future. Large part focus on the objectives required by modern nuclear reactors provided an international forum GIF. Reactors of fourth generation are characterized also their advantages and disadvantages. In the last section is detail description of selected type of reactor.
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The 4th generation of nuclear reactors
Mlčúch, Adam ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Nerud, Pavel (advisor)
This thesis reviews the particular generations of nuclear reactors. The biggest part of the thesis focuses on the projects of the fourth generation reactors. The individual projects come out from the analysis of the international forum GIF. The last part is devoted to the detailed description of VHTR system and demonstration plant concept with reactor Antares.
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The 4th generation of nuclear reactors
Katzer, Milan ; Škvařil, Jan (referee) ; Nerud, Pavel (advisor)
My thesis reviews the particular generations of nuclear reactors. The greatest part of the thesis focuses on the groundbreaking projects of the IV.generation reactors, which should be put into operation in 2030 or later. The individual projects come out from the analysis of the international forum GIF where six revolutionary nuclear reactors were chosen. The last chapter is devoted to the detailed description of one of the chosen reactors and its possible installation in the Czech Republic.
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Fuel of nuclear reactors and fuel cycle
Bátěk, David ; Nerud, Pavel (referee) ; Šen, Hugo (advisor)
This bachelor thesis describes nuclear fuels used in today's nuclear reactors as well as parts of fuel cycle, which includes all activities like uranium mining and prepairing, energy utilization and storage at the end of a cycle. There are also information about world production of uranium and posibilities of manipulation with used nuclear fuel, including transmutation technologies.
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Review of world nuclear reactors
Blažková, Eva ; Nerud, Pavel (referee) ; Šen, Hugo (advisor)
This bachelor work is focused on creating an overview of nuclear reactor types, their categorization and engineering approach to particular designs. Furthermore, it also lists countries having nuclear reactors in possession and their standpoint towards nuclear energy in general. A brief summary of the third and fourth generation and their future energy potential is included as well. This work primarily reflects present-day status.
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Příspěvek k energetické koncepci ČSFR I
JAEE, České Budějovice ; Kolář, P.
Studie uvádí přehled moderních cyklů energetických zařízení, technologií čistého paliva a retrofitů. Jsou popsány technologie pro výrobu elektřiny a tepla dodávané v ČSFR, organizace a regulace v energetice. Je navrženo integrované plánování zdrojů v energetice a zmíněna problematika bezpečnosti jaderných elektráren.
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