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The role of fructose in hepatic fat accumulation
Justrová, Marie ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Malínská, Hana (referee)
One of the metabolic disorders with an increasing incidence is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is characterized by pathological accumulation of fat in the liver. According to some authors, excessive fructose consumption plays an important role in its pathogenesis. The thesis aims to interpret published findings of the relationship between fructose intake and fat deposition in the liver. In the first part the fructose metabolism is described and compared with the glucose metabolism. The other effects of fructose on fat, carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism are mentioned. This is followed by definition of the term NAFLD, description of various stages and clinical characterization of the disease. In the final part of the thesis the results of studies concerned with the role of excessive fructose consumption in NAFLD development are summarized. Excessive consumption of fructose by healthy subjects during isocaloric diet doesn't result in hepatic fat accumulation due to effective compensatory mechanisms. However, the role of fructose in hypercaloric diet in the increase of hepatic fat content hasn't been definitely explained yet. It seems that excessive caloric intake per se is more important than the effect of fructose or its metabolites. More pronounced rise in hepatic fat content...
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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in experiment, prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, non-invasive diagnostics
Dvořák, Karel ; Brůha, Radan (advisor) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee) ; Lotková, Halka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experiment, on prevalence of this condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and also on non-invasive diagnostics. The aim was to study the effect of n-3 PUFA on NAFLD development in an experimental model and based on analysis of a group of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome to assess the prevalence of this condition. Lastly we aimed to evaluate non-invasive diagnostic methods of liver fibrosis and NASH. We demonstrated beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA administration on NAFLD development in a C57/Bl6 mice high fat methionin-cholin defficient dietary model of NAFLD. n-3 PUFA administration led to biochemical improvement, decrease of lipid accumulation in the liver as well as improvement of histology. These effects are determined by complex modulation of lipid metabolism, mainly due to decrease in availability of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis in the liver, changes of adipokine levels and amelioration of proinflammatory status in the liver. In a group of type 2 diabetics we found NAFLD prevalence of almost 80%, 14% of these patients had also signs of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods...
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Effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in experiment, prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, non-invasive diagnostics
Dvořák, Karel ; Brůha, Radan (advisor) ; Ehrmann, Jiří (referee) ; Lotková, Halka (referee)
This thesis focuses on the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in experiment, on prevalence of this condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome and also on non-invasive diagnostics. The aim was to study the effect of n-3 PUFA on NAFLD development in an experimental model and based on analysis of a group of patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome to assess the prevalence of this condition. Lastly we aimed to evaluate non-invasive diagnostic methods of liver fibrosis and NASH. We demonstrated beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA administration on NAFLD development in a C57/Bl6 mice high fat methionin-cholin defficient dietary model of NAFLD. n-3 PUFA administration led to biochemical improvement, decrease of lipid accumulation in the liver as well as improvement of histology. These effects are determined by complex modulation of lipid metabolism, mainly due to decrease in availability of fatty acids for triglyceride synthesis in the liver, changes of adipokine levels and amelioration of proinflammatory status in the liver. In a group of type 2 diabetics we found NAFLD prevalence of almost 80%, 14% of these patients had also signs of liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Non-invasive methods...
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