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Využití mykorhizy při vegetativním množení dřevin bylinnými řízky
Králová, Olga
My thesis tested efect of mycorrhizal fungy on herbal cutting. There was two terms propagation of four species. Syringa meyeri 'Palibin', Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch', Cornus alba and Berberis thunbergii 'Rose Glow'. Experiment had two variantion and three repeats. Plants couldn't be nursed. Most of the results are inconclusive, because of the high losses. For species of Syringa meyeri 'Palibin' was demonstrated high influence of mycorrhizal fungi. There were also differences in terms. Overlay film had a positive impact only on Cornus alba. For species Cornus alba and Forsythia x intermedia 'Maluch' second term was more successful. When propagation of mycorrhiza has high potential.
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Wood wide web - plant mycelial interconnections
Antl, Tomáš ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Mycorrhizal mycelium may form a continuous network (commnon mycorrhizal network - CMN) and connect a number of plants or even entire community in an ecosystem. In the Plant World, CMNs have a number of important physiological and ecological consequences. The present work aims to create a review on current knowledge of CMNs and the associated Wood Wide Web. The next objective is to evaluate the results of individual observations and experiments that have been made on this topic. The introductory chapters 1 and 2 describe the various types of mycorrhizal symbioses (i.e., arbuscular mycorrhiza, orchid mycorrhiza, ectomycorrhiza, ericoid and monotropoid mycorrhiza), their characteristics and ability to create CMNs. The following chapters 3 and 4 describe ecophysiological consequences of common mycorrhizal networks such as maintaining stability of plant populations, invasive plants which exploit CMNs, plant communities and the hypothesis of meta-networks. Mycorrhizal mycelium allows transfer of various substances between two plants. The transferred substances include mineral nutrients (especially nitrogen and phosphorus), but also carbon organic compounds, water, signal substances, etc. The last part summarizes the knowledge on CMN, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different experimental...
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The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in primary succession
Nevěčná, Michaela ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Püschel, David (referee)
Primary succession is a relatively long-term process of colonization of a certain area, which has never been influenced by any biotic environmental elements. There are many factors that influence primary succession. One of them are mycorrhizal fungi. Establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis, i. e. a mutualistic relationship between plants and mycorrhizal fungi, can be an important factor facilitating development of vegetation cover. Plants profit from mycorrhizal symbiosis thanks to increased nutrient acquisition, protection against toxic heavy metals or an advantage in a competition with non-mycorrhizal plants. Being non-photosynthetic organisms, fungi gain assimilates from the plants. Modification of the course of primary succession by adding mycorrhizal fungi can have a big importance in reclamation of the areas damaged by mining and there is a potential to substitute, at least partly, technical reclamations.
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The effect of invasive and native plants on abiotic and biotic soil properties
Hanzelková, Věra ; Aldorfová, Anna (advisor) ; Sudová, Radka (referee)
Invasive plants represent an important topic of study in current ecology because of their effects on whole ecosystems. The plants interact with the soil including soil biota, with the other plants in the community and with other organisms, eg. herbivores. Invasive plants often differ from non- invasive plants in nutrient utilization and can thus affect soil pH as well. They may also differ in the way they interact with mycorrhizal fungi that help the plants with nutrient uptake. In this study, the effect of invasive and native plants on soil properties is compared. Congeneric pairs of species, where one species is native and the other invasive, are compared. The native species are chosen so that they are dominant and therefore comparable to the invasive plants in the new environment. The evaluated soil properties are pH value and content of elemental nutrients from abiotic properties, and the amount of mycorrhizal fungi propagules and their spreading rate in soil from the biotic properties. In this study, the invasive and native plants differ only in the content of exchangeable phosphorus and potassium. Content of these two nutrients and one of the indicators of mycorrhizal fungi differ within the pairs of species as well. For most soil properties, the genus of the plant plays the main role, not...
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Ecophysiological significance of root-fungus symbioses in Mediterranean seagrasses
Borovec, Ondřej ; Vohník, Martin (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee)
Seagrasses are the only group of submerged plants that are permanently growing in marine environment. They play an important role in the sea bottom ecosystem. Seagrasses are primary producers capable of accumulation and deposition of carbon. They influence water flow at the sea bottom and form symbioses with variety of organisms. Our knowledge of symbiotic interactions of seagrasses is still limited even though several studies of the topic have been carried out in recent years. Unlike most of terrestrial plants, seagrasses are generally considered as plants that do not form any specific associations with mycorrhizal or endophytic fungi. Surprisingly, we have discovered a novel fungal endophytic association in roots of Mediterranean endemic seagrass species Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile. Morphology of this symbiotic fungi strongly resembles common symbiotic fungi of terrestrial plants, dark septate endophytes (DSE). We sampled roots of P. oceanica in large area of the Mediterranean from southeastern Spain to Albania and described range and taxonomical classification of the endophyte using microscopy, in vitro cultivation and molecular determination. Roots of P. oceanica in whole area of study are colonized by mere two endophytic fungal species. Over 90 % of the fungal symbionts belong to a single...
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Orchids as a model for research in ecophysiological adaptations of mycoheterotropic plants
Ponert, Jan ; Lipavská, Helena (advisor) ; Gryndler, Milan (referee) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
Perhaps all orchids are mycotrophic at early developmental stages, while majority of species photosynthesize at adulthood and only about 200 species remain fully mycotrophic for the whole life. Mycotrophy affects orchids at many levels. In this thesis, I focus on four aspects of orchid biology, which could be connected with mycotrophy: (i) systematics, (ii) genome size and endoreduplication, (iii) regulation of seed germination and (iv) mechanism of transfer of carbon and energy from fungi to orchids. There are over 27,000 recently recognized orchid species, nevertheless new ones are still discovering and old ones are revisiting. In this work I present a description of new species, Cleisostoma yersinii, and its morphological, anatomical, ecological and systematic characterization. Phylogeny reconstruction confirmed relationship with C. birmanicum. In the subtribe Podochileae, I reappraised the genus Campanulorchis to establish monophyletic but also morphologically defined group. For both abovementioned genera I prepared the artificial identification key. In the genus Dactylorhiza I revised taxa present in our country and I prepared an identification key which firstly mentions D. maculata subsp. elodes from Czech Republic. Orchid species diversity is probably reflected in genome structure. Results...
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Možnosti využití arbuskulární mykorhizy při rozmnožování vybraných odrůd angreštu
Střihavková, Dana
This diploma thesis deals with usage of arbuscular mycorrhiza in the reproduction of selected varieties of gooseberries in plant nursery. The experiment was established in Brno in autumn 2018 and was completed in spring of the following year. In total, 60 plants of the ´Black Negus´, ´Carat´ and ´Rolonda´ varieties were evaluated, with half of the plants being inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus and the other half without mycorrhiza, as control plants. The following parameters were evaluated: extent of root colonization by mycorrhizal structures, content of chlorophyll, relative size of the root system, dry matter in the root system, substrate temperature and substrate humidity, root collar diameter and shoot length. The results show that inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus influenced the plant root system in positive way, which was reflected in the increase in root collar diameter. The inoculation with mycorrhizal fungus should also have a positive effect on the growth of the aerial part of the plant, the health and plant resistance to drought and pathogens.
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Vliv vodního stresu na výnosové a jakostní parametry zeleniny
Vojtíšková, Jiřina
The two-year experiment (2010, 2011) dealt with the evaluation of yield and quality parameters of vegetables Capsicum annuum L., variety 'SLÁVY F1' and Allium porrum L., 'GIGANTE SUIZO' treated with mycorrhizal product SYMBIVIT in two irrigation modes. The research was conducted as a field experiment. The site was located on the properties of Faculty of Horticulture MENDELU, Mendeleum, Lednice. The positive effect of the mycorrhizal preparation as an intensifying factor was statistically proven in the quality of pepper seedlings. The set parameters were: plant height, stem diameter and increase of the number of leaves. The set parametres in the quality of leek seedlings were: stem diameter, length of the above-ground part, the length of the underground section, weight of fresh roots, weight of roots after drying. The positive effect of the mycorrhizal preparation as an anti-stress measure was proven in the evaluation of yield of peppers in 2011. The positive effect of the mycorrhizal preparation as an anti-stress measure was also proven in the evaluation of yield of the 1st grade quality of peppers in 2011 and in the quantity of nitrates in leek planted in 2010. The positive effect of mycorrhizal preparation as an intensifying factor or as an anti-stress measure on the other evaluated parameters was not proven.
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Uplatnenie symbiotických húb glomus pri produkcii modelových zástupcov zeleniny
Nedorost, Ľudovít
This dissertation deals with the use of mycorrhizal symbiosis in the cultivation of vegetables and aims to increase the yield and quality. The literature review defines different types of the mycorrhizal symbiosis. Furthermore, the thesis describes the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AM), its biology, and influence of mineral nutrition and impact of biotic and abiotic stresses. This description is complemented by the prospects of the AM symbiosis in agriculture. The experimental part is devoted to the evaluation of plants inoculated with arbuscular fungi. The experiment was conducted as a pot experiment in containers (2009 - 2011) with appropriate substrate and irrigation dose. In parallel, there were a few other experiments with vegetable seedlings. The evalueted parameters included: yield parameters and also nutritional parameters such as vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity and dry matter content. Very significant indicator was the assessment of mycorrhizal root colonization by the fungus. There were used different types of arbuscular fungi, as well as the combination of AM fungi with saprophytic fungi. The results were statistically processed. Based on the results, we can conclude that mycorrhiza resulted in an increase in yield of tomatoes and leeks grown in containers. There was no statistically significant effect of any mycorrhizal treatment on the dry mater content. Positive effect of inoculation was shown at vitamin C content and total antioxidant capacity. Tomato and lettuce seedlings were also positively influenced by AM fungi. Overall, the experiment can be considered as successful, because the positive effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis was proved.
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Využití arbuskulární mykorhizy formou fytoremediace
Wohlmuth, Jan
The thesis is focused on the possibilities of using the phytoremediation effects of mycorrhizal symbioses in the cultivation of ornamental and fruit trees in ecologically loaded habitats. The main criterion described was the ability of plants to use phytoremediation technologies. The thesis summarizes selected scientific knowledge, which looks into the topic of phytoremediation technologies using plants inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi, especially arbuscular ones, while evaluating the practical use in the Czech Republic and the world.
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