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Distribution, ecology and conservation of critically endangered Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic
Kupková, Barbora ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Pech, Pavel (referee)
The state of the populations of many insects is critical in the Czech Republic, other species have already extinct. Among the species balancing at the limit of survival is myrmecophilus Alcon Blue (Phengaris alcon), especially its ecological form (P. alcon f. alcon), which is associated with the Marsh Gentian (Gentiana pneumonanthe) during the early larval stages. The general aim of my work was to evaluate the current distribution of the Alcon Blue butterfly (P. alcon f. alcon) in the Czech Republic, to estimate the size of the remaining populations and to propose a practical action plan for conservation of the species in the Czech Republic. The analysis of the databases showed that the species survives theoretically in 11 localities. The field survey in 2016 revealed, however, that at five other sites a species in the recent past was extinct. The remaining 6 localities are concentrated in Southwestern Bohemia on a total area of only 20 hectares. Two population is however close to extinction. The cause of local extinction of Alcon Blues was the extinction of host plants. The main factors influencing the size of butterfly populations in the last localities were the abundace and vitality of host plants (number of fertile shoots, height). Part of my work was an attempt to reintroduce Alcon Blue to a...
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Analýza karyotypu vakonošů (Psychidae, Lepidoptera) metodami klasické a molekulární cytogenetiky
HEJNÍČKOVÁ, Martina
Due to their phylogenetic position, Psychidae play an important role in the investigation of the W chromosome origin in Lepidoptera. Several species of Psychidae were tested for the presence of sex-chromatin and investigated via comparative genomic hybridization. Furthermore, odd chromosome numbers and a Z univalent were observed in females. Overall, this study brings tangible evidence for the absence of the W chromosome in Psychidae, thus contributes to complex knowledge of the W chromosome evolution. In addition, karyotypes of the given species were analyzed using 18S rDNA and histone H3 probes. The results indicate relative stability of their karyotypes.
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Entomological survey of the locality Wetland meadows near Jetřichov
Mocek, Bohuslav ; Mikát, Miroslav
Zjištěny druhy zachovalých mokřadních a rašelinných lučním společenstev, např. modrásek Maculinea nausithous, perleťovec kopřivový Brenthis ino, můry Celaena leucostigma, Mythimna impura a Xestia sexstrigata. Lesní a arborikolní druhy např. píďalky Deileptenia ribeata a Puengeleria capreolaria, a lokální druhy brouků Rabocerus gabrieli a lesknáček Epuraea distincta. Xerofilní druhy, jako např. zaviječ Pempeliella ornatella, můra Calophasia lunula, okáč zední (Pararge megera) pronikají od suchých úhorů od železnice v s. části lokality.
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Holokinetický drive a jeho role v karyotypové evoluci motýlů
HOSPODÁŘSKÁ, Monika
The present study is focused on testing a hypothesis of holokinetic drive and its role in karyotype evolution in Lepidoptera. Negative correlation between chromosome number and genome size, which is one of the main predictions of holokinetic drive, was tested by means of flow cytometry in selected lepidopteran species. The study also confirmed presence of chromosome rearrangements in the r50 Bombyx mori strain and B. mandarina from Japan, which could be used for an analysis of preferential chromosome transmission in future.
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Dynamic karyotype evolution and unique sex determination systems in Leptidea wood white butterflies
VOLENÍKOVÁ, Anna
Chromosomal rearrangements such as fusions and fissions play an important role in promoting and maintaining speciation. To study these phenomena, genome architecture of three cryptic species of Leptidea wood white butterflies was investigated by means of standard and molecular cytogenetics. High variability in chromosome number and localization of cytogenetic markers was revealed, suggesting dynamic karyotype evolution in these species. Moreover, unique sex-determination system with 3-4 W chromosomes and 3-4 Z was found, possibly playing a role in the speciation process as well.
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Population genetics and phylogeography of a vanishing species: the case of \kur{Argynnis niobe}
LEŠTINA, Dan
This study evaluates the state of the Niobe fritillary (Argynnis niobe) in Europe, both in terms of (a) current knowledge of its distributional changes and of (b) the genetics of the surviving populations. It uses mitochondrial sequences and microsatellite markers to assess the phylogeographic history of the species, and the impact of the multiple local extinctions at the same time. The data are evaluated by a standard set of methods genetics and phylogeography population and a brief synthesis including recommendations for conservation management is given.
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Výskyt obalečů na révě vinné a jejich regulace v podmínkách integrované produkce
Šnajder, Radek
Occurrence of tortricid moths was investigated during the growing season of 2013 in the district of Znojmo using pheromone traps in two vineyards in integrated production and in organic apple orchard. In both vineyards there was registered the occurrence of all three monitored species -- Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hubner, 1796), Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775) and Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775). All species reached higher numbers in the study St. Urban. Lobesia botrana reached the highest numbers (152 total individuals). The first imago was captured on the 3rd of May, the last on the 17th of August. The maximum (26 individuals) was on the 15th of July. Lobesia botrana (76 total individuals) was for the first time identified on the 3rd of May, the last individual was identified on the 17th of August. The maxi-mum (17 individuals) was on the 15th of July. Sparganothis pilleriana (3 imagos) was registered only in vineyards on the 1st of July and on the 10th of July. Diachrysia chry-sitis (L., 1758), Oligia latruncula (Denis & Schiffermuller, 1775), Pasiphila rectangu-lata (L., 1758), Idaea biselata (Hunfagel, 1767) and Neosphaleroptera nubilana (Hüb-ner, 1799) were caught in the trap for Eupoecilia ambiguella. Hofmannophila pseudos-pretella (Stainton, 1849), Agrotis bigramma (Esper, 1790), Idaea biselata (Hunfagel, 1767) were caught in the trap for Lobesia botrana.
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Synantropis lepidopterans in Pelhřimov cemeteries
RŮŽIČKA, Libor
The presented study is to a degree a continuation to the author's bachelor thesis: Occurrence of Lepidoptera order within the district of Pelhrimov. This study is now focusing on the evaluation of research on moths found in five cemeteries located within this district during the year 2014. The area of interest is located in the south of the Czech republic, in the Region Vysocina. Measured from an entomological point of view, it is a cooler region with a lower diversity of the Lepidoptera order. Cemeteries in general represent very interesting localities well suited for entomological research, which has not been so far sufficiently recognized by members of the entomological academic community, but may represent a refugium in otherwise uniform landscape. During my research I recorded altogether 130 moth species during the period in question. The location number 5 (Cemetery in Cetoraz) has been evaluated as the one with the highest species richness, reaching documented occurrence of 63 species of the order Lepidoptera.
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Phylogeography of \kur{Boloria eunomia} and comparison with similarly distributed species
MAREŠOVÁ, Jana
Phylogeography, phylogeny and population structure were studied in two similarly distributed butterflies, the Bog Fritillary (Boloria eunomia) and the Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene). Sequences of mitochondrial gen for COI and nuclear Wingless and Arginine Kinase were used for analyses, for reconstruction of evolutionary relationships within both species and for comparison of phylogeography patterns.
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Obaleči škodící na ovocných dřevinách na Českomoravské vrchovině
Komínková, Jana
Occurrence of leafroller was monitored by means of pheromone traps in the fruit orchard in Ruda (565 m a. s. l.) in the growing vegetational season 2013. Nine traps were installed for Cydia funebrana, C. pomonella, C. janthinana and C. lobarzewskii. Only C. funebrana and C. pomonella were detected in the study plot. The flight period of C. funebrana was started on 12th May. The maximum of individuals were found in the period from 21st July to 4th August. The last individual was caught on 15th September. Totally 464 individuals were caught. The first individual of C. pomonella was found on 26th May. The maximum flight was from 16th to 23th June and the end of the flight was on 15th September. Totally, 233 individuals were caught. In the pheromone traps, other nontarget species were found: Cnephasia stephensiana (131 individuals), Pammene suspectana (1), Pammene spiniana (1), Hedya pruniana (1), Epiblema cirsiana (5) and Celyphea rosaceana (1). Celypha rosaceana was registered in Moravia for the first time.
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