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Methods of analysis of seasonality in demography
Myšáková, Gabriela ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (referee)
Methods of analysis of seasonality in demografy Gabriela Myšáková Abstract The thesis presents statistical methods suited for analysis of seasonality in time-series. Three statistical methods have been thoroughly described, namely the time-series decomposition, the X12−ARIMA method and the cointegration of time-series. Further methods applicable for similar analysis have been briefly discussed as well. Three main methods have been subsequently applied to monthly demographic data for the Czech Republic and chosen European countries by natality, nuptiality and mortality. Seasonality has been discovered in all three demographic events and by using the time-series decomposition and the X12−ARIMA method for time-series lay out to separate units, and those progressions have been track by graphic and verbal interpretation. Cluster analysis has been applied to European countries nuptiality and mortality time-series in order to reveal similarities and dissimilarities among particular countries. All the methods were used onto data set by using appropriate procedures in statistical software SAS.
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Kazakhstan: Mortality in European context (comparison with selected European countries and nationalities)
Petkov, Michal ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Kazakhstan: Mortality in european context (comparison with selected european countries and nationalities) Abstract The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare mortality rates in Kazakhstan with selected European countries. The first part discusses literature, available data sources and a list of indicators. The thesis deals with brief outline of history and development of ethnic composition in this Central Asian republic. Another section contains a comparison of the economic and social conditions in Kazakhstan with two selected European countries - the Czech Republic and Sweden. The thesis continues with comparison and development of the most important mortality indicators in the three above mentioned countries. The last chapter summarizes findings from the comparison of mortality backgrounds of three selected European minorities living in Kazakhstan (Germans, Russians and Ukrainians) with their country of origin. The analysis of above mentioned factors shows a clear gap in Kazakhstan levels of mortality in comparison with selected European countries. A Comparison of mortality of European minorities living in the territory of Kazakhstan with their countries of origin shows a big difference for German nationality, for Russians and Ukrainians the differences are minimal. Keywords: Kazakhstan, European...
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The Euroregion Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří and the Euroregion Elbe/Labe at the beginning of the 21st century
Trpálková, Veronika ; Bartoňová, Dagmar (referee) ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor)
The Euroregion Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří and the Euroregion Elbe/Labe at the beginning of the 21st century Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the contemporary status of the population, which live in two analyzed Euroregions - Euroregion Erzgebirge/Krušnohoří and Euroregion Elbe/Labe. The demographic trends are compared in the individual districts of the Euroregions, between Czech districts and German districts in one Euroregion and the compare of two Euroregions as a whole. For comparation of development indicators of mortality, fertility and migration are used. In the first part, the creation and the geographic description of both Euroregions are briefly explained. Basic principles of Czech-German border cooperation follows. In the next part, the calculations of demographic indicators are made. Differences of the population structure between two neighboring Euroregions are evaluated in the conclusion part.
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Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries
Rathouská, Michaela ; Kučera, Tomáš (referee) ; Burcin, Boris (advisor)
Analysis of mortality from breast cancer in selected European countries Malignant neoplasms are in most European countries the second most common cause of death. The aim of this work is to describe the evolution of mortality of women which is caused by breast cancer. It describes this evolution in the years of 1980-2007 in the Czech Republic, Great Britain and Sweden. Development of mortality is set into the broader connections with a mortality rate of more frequent causes of death and certain other neoplasms in women. Work analyzes mortality by age, the incidence, and it also shows screening programs and international comparisons. Part of this work also deals with risk factors, prevention and treatment options. In all analyzed countries in analyzed period there have been decline of mortality from neoplasm, while the incidence increased. There was a shift of mortality to higher age , particularly in relation to improving health care and its increasing availability. The incidence was observed moving from the oldest to the younger age group, especially in due to introduction of the national mammography screening.
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Determinants of the circulatory system diseases among the Czech population
Lustigová, Michala
Determinants of circulatory system diseases among the Czech population Abstract The determinants of circulatory system diseases are very well known, modifiable risk factors and factors widely spread among populations are in focus for the public health research. The aim of this thesis is a quantification of main cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population using the survival analysis and HAPIEE cohort data. The epidemiologic situation, trends in the Czech population health including "the cardiovascular revolution" is discussed in the first part of the thesis. Among the Czech population high prevalence of many risk factors were found. The education had the strongest impact on cardiovascular health from sociodemographic characteristics. The negative effect of smoking, prevalence of high blood pressure, prevalence of diabetes and physical inactivity was confirmed. On the other hand the impact of obesity, binge drinking and high blood cholesterol level was not significant among the Czech population. The population approach in cardiovascular epidemiology and cardiovascular health promotion as well are discussed in the last chapter. Keywords: diseases of the circulatory system, mortality, health transition, cardiovascular health, risk factors, survival analysis, health promotion
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Regional population projections
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Aneta
This thesis deals with the regional population projections. The theoretical part is divided into several chapters, which describe and explain the basic concepts, such as demographics, birth rate, death rate and more. There are also analyzed the actual projection methods and specifying formulas. Last but not least consulted on the population projection of the Czech Republic in 2050 and the most recent projections up to the year 2100th. Own part is about the screening for districts in South Bohemian region. Projections were prepared for districts: Ceske Budejovice, Cesky Krumlov, Jindrichuv Hradec, Prachatice, Pisek, Strakonice and Tabor. As evaluation indicators were elected, population, life expectancy, total fertility rate and the secondary sex ratio or even sex ratio. Projections for population and life expectancy has been created specially for men and women.
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The effect of pyrethroid based pesticides on fish
RICHTEROVÁ, Zuzana
Pyrethroids are ones of the most used pesticides worldwides. The widespread use and high stability of pyrethroids lead to the assumption of that their occurrence in the environment could be quite frequent. They can reach water ecosystem as pollutants. Residues of pyrethroids are not only detected in the water column, but also in sediments and in fish tissues. The first study was devoted to the product Nexide containing 60 g.l-1 of active substance gamma-cyhalothrin. Tested Nexide concentrations were 5, 25, 50, 100, and 250 µg.l-1. Early life stage test was used.Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was tested. There were significant mortalities in all concentrations except the lowest concentration during the trial. The lowest concentration tested 5 µg.l-1 only caused a slightly increased mortality. This lowest concentration influenced the growth in length and weight negatively, decelerated ontogenetic development, and made the body surface of the individuals darker. Histopathology of individuals from this concentration revealed dystrophy in liver. Examination of kidney, intestine and gills did not show significant histopathological differences compared with control. The evaluation of selected parameters of oxidative stress demonstrated a significantly higher activity of detoxification enzyme glutathione-S.transferase (GST) and a significantly lower activity of defensive enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) compared with the control group. The other examined parameters of oxidative stress such as catalase (CAT), glutation reductase (GR), and lipid peroxidation determined by using the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARs) were comparable to the control group. Changes in oxidative stress parameters suggest that exposure of the organism to the product Nexide in the given concentration leads to dysbalance of defensive enzymes. The second study was devoted to the product Cyperkill 25 EC containing 250 g.l-1. Tested Cyperkill 25 EC concentrations were 7.2, 36, 72, 144, and 360 µg.l-1. The procedure of the trial was the same as the preceded one. There were 100% mortalities in all concentrations except the lowest concentration during the trial. The lowest tested concentration 7.2 µg.l-1 allowed 90% of individuals to stay alive till the end of experiment. The lowest concentration influenced the growth in length and weight negatively and decelerated ontogenetic development compared with the control. Any individual exposed to this concentration did not reach juvenile stage until the end of the trial. Dark pigmentation was visible in 68% of these exposed individuals on the last day. Similar darkening was visible in individuals from higher concentrations shortly before death too. Histological examination did not revealed significant changes in intestine, liver, kidney, and gills compared with the control group. Evaluation of selected parameters of oxidative stress demonstrated significantly lower activities of GST, GR, and GPx. Activities of CAT and TBARS were comparable with the control group. Changes in oxidative stress parameters suggest that exposure of the organism to the product Cyperkill 25 EC in the given concentration could induce oxidative stress and interfere with the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The presented thesis summarises actual data about pyrethroids and their influence on fish. The demonstrated effects confirm high susceptibility of early developmental stages of fish to tested pesticides. When interpreting the results, we have to take into account the fact that studies showed this risk even on single pyrethroid substances. But water organisms are exposed to many other more or less toxic products and substances in a real environment. These xenobiotics could react with each other and their mixture could even potentiate negative effects. The performed studies also clearly show the significant differences in the sensitivity of embryonic and embryolarval tests.
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The structure of the population by sex - Czech Republic
KALBÁČOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis discuss demography, respectively demography changes in the Czech Republic, in the field of population structure in accordance with the biological characters. There is captured an attempt of understanding the influence of the mutual gendre structure, some demographic processes and phenomenon. Secondly there is an attempt to identify factors influencing the structure. Particularly focusing on historical development number of men and women in the Czech Republic by gendre level, as well as the age level and spatial diferential of the population by gender. It presents different types of the counties, districts and Administration office with Municipal extended powers by studied structures. The thesis contains the cartographic outputs, tables, graphs.
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