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Festuca amethystina jako reliktní druh jihomoravských pařezin - základní aspekty biologie druhu a variability morfologických znaků
Fedorová, Barbora
The aim of this thesis was to obtain initial data about the biology and variability of morphological characters of Festuca amethystina. The first part contains a literature outline while the second part is practical. The terrain work was carried out in the forest of Hodonínská Doubrava, in the southeast part of Moravia and involved finding and surveying microlocations of F. amethystina. The collected data focused on the size of micropopulations and demographic and morphometric characteristics of the species, i.e. the diameter and number of clumps, leave length, height and number of stems, panicle size, number of spikelets and number of caryopsis. The outcomes of this work contain tabular and graphical summaries of the measured data, maps and photographs.
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Interspecific varieties of grapevine and their utilization in the breeding
VOCÍLKA, Radek
In the thesis new interspecific varieties, which are in acknowledge-proceeding, have been observed. These varieties are Marlen, Cerason, Kofranka and Kaberon. These were cultivated from commonly used European varieties (Frankovka, Svatovavřinecké, Merlot) registrated in the State Book of Varieties of the Czech Republic. Moreover, during the cultivation blue variety called Seibel was used. This served as a donor of fungicidal desease resistance, or rather tollerance. The varieties were observed for three years and their morphological and degree qualities were investigated. The goal of the thesis was acknowledgement of these interspecific vine varieties, their registration in the State Book of Varieties and later legal protection. The task was to pass diversity, uniformity and stability tests in the proceeding and compare the new varieties with the acknowledged ones, which were used for cultivation.
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The relation between morphological and personality traits in humans
Sýkorová, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
In humans, as in animals, associations or correlations between morphological and personality traits can be observed. Some of the most conspicuous and well describable morphological traits in humans are eye color, hair color, body height and body mass index (BMI). These traits can correlate not only with temperament or character, but also, for example, with intelligence. Relations between morphology and personality can have an origin on a genetic or an environmental level. The human psyche, which can be influenced by social factors, can also have a role in the chain of causes and consequences. In this study, known relations between morphological traits and personality are discussed and mechanisms which could be responsible for these relations are mentioned. This study also focuses on the possible role of the environment which could explain some associations between the traits. Further, there is an attempt to identify environmental factors contributing to the morphological and personality traits which could therefore be a cause of some correlation between these traits.
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Tapeworm parasitic in the digestive tract rays Amblyraja radiata on Svalbard
PADALÍKOVÁ, Petra
This bachelor thesis is interested in tapeworms of the stingray Amblyraja radiata. These rays Ambyraja radiata living in Svalbard. It is known about 5000 species of parasitic tapeworms which are parasites on vertebrates. The highest number of tapeworms lives in cartilaginous fish, and fish. Adults are found in the digestive system of vertebrates. In obtained samples were found three genera of tapeworms: Grillotia, Pseudanthobothrium, Echeneneibothrium. My objective was to determine the species. My aim was to compare the results with the literature and characterize the community tapeworm rays Amblyraja radiata in Svalbard. Identification of tapeworms was based on morphological characters. Morphological features are (eg. strobili maximum width, length cirrus sac, testes number and shape of hooks.) These characters I visualized by means of staining, light microscopy and electron microscopy. I used a carmine staining into individual samples tapeworms. Thanks to this coloring I achieved better visibility of internal organs, particularly genitals. Thanks to scanning electron microscopy I was allowed to observe the specimen surface.
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Review of the phylogenetic hypotheses of Cobitoidea
Dvořák, Tomáš ; Ráb, Petr (advisor) ; Musilová, Zuzana (referee)
Phylogenetics is a field of systematic biology which aims to uncover the evolutionary relations betweenll species on the principle of finding their common ancestor. Phylogeny can be applied on many diferent markers, but among the most common are genetic and morphological ones. The results of the phylogenetic analyses can be applied in many other fields of research. We can use them e.g. in answering questions concerning geological events (when using fishes as model, most often in some river flow changes). Cobitoidea is a superfamily of fishes, which belongs to cypriniformes - the biggest group of primary freshwater fishes. Cobitoidea contain 10 families - Gyrinocheilidae, Cobitidae, Balitoridae, Botiidae, Vaillantellidae, Ellopostomatidae, Barbuccidae, Serpenticobitidae, Nemacheilidae, Gastromyzontidae, and the Catostomidae might be considered as belonging into Cobitoidea as 11th family. The distribution area of Cobitoidea covers almoust whole Europe and Asia and that of Catostomidae also North America. There is no major river system in whole Eurasia that would not be inhabited by loaches. Every major river basin contains one to tens of loach species, therefore loaches can be considered one of the most characteristic element of the Eurasian freshwater fauna. In Cobitoidea, we can also find many...
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The relation between morphological and personality traits in humans
Sýkorová, Kateřina ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Třebický, Vít (referee)
In humans, as in animals, associations or correlations between morphological and personality traits can be observed. Some of the most conspicuous and well describable morphological traits in humans are eye color, hair color, body height and body mass index (BMI). These traits can correlate not only with temperament or character, but also, for example, with intelligence. Relations between morphology and personality can have an origin on a genetic or an environmental level. The human psyche, which can be influenced by social factors, can also have a role in the chain of causes and consequences. In this study, known relations between morphological traits and personality are discussed and mechanisms which could be responsible for these relations are mentioned. This study also focuses on the possible role of the environment which could explain some associations between the traits. Further, there is an attempt to identify environmental factors contributing to the morphological and personality traits which could therefore be a cause of some correlation between these traits.
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Tribe Microdontomerini (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Torymidae) - phylogeny and evolution
Stiblík, Petr ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Bogusch, Petr (referee)
Superfamily Chalcidoidea (chalcid wasps) represent the most species-rich group of the Hymenoptera and includes 22 families. Family Torymidae is one of those families and it's monophyly is currently intensively discussed. This particular thesis aims at the tribe Microdontomerini (Torimidae: Toryminae). Species of this tribe are usually minute inconspicuous wasps (body length ranges from 2 to 4 mm). Recent progress in phylogenetics of chalcid wasps allowes us to formulate robust hypothesis of Microdontomerini evolution, as a component of broader study of Chalcidoidea phylogeny and classification. My approach combines molecular and morphological evidence to formulate the most plausible evolutionary scenario. Dataset of 35 mostly morphological characters for 33 taxa including all existing Microdontomerini genera and 10 outgroups has been scored. Almost all characters has been studied and documented using Hitachi S-3700N-VP scanning electron microscope. In 117 taxa, 5 nuclear genes segments (18S, 28SD2, 28SD3-5, EF1alfa, Wingless) and 3 mitochondrial genes segments (COI-LCOHCO, COI-JerryPat, CytB) were sequenced, to get together the final molecular dataset of 387 Kbp. Molecular trees were built using maximum likelihood and Mr.Bayes algorithms. Evolution of morphological characters were mapped on the...
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Non-invasive methods for individual identification of reptiles
KROUFKOVÁ, Michaela
Reptiles are a common group of animals used to various researches. Invasive identification methods are often used in these researches to recognize individuals in population. These methods negativly affect lifes of individuals and can cause die-off. For these reasons so called individual non-invasive identification methods arise, which can help with better handling of examined individuals and their easy and cheap recognition. These are easy and fast methods, where morphological characteristics of individuals and their natural unusualnesses of their body signs (scars, spots) are used. Very importand method is photografical identification with help of photografical system called I3S (Interactive Individual Identification System), which uses significant lizards signs very similar to peoples fingerprints. In this work you can find a review of studies which are concerned with these non-invasive methods. These methos can improve identification of individual reptiles and hadling with them. Above all, this work contains reptile species, where these methods are succesfully used and a summary of morphological characteristics by which the identification is performed.
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Characters used for determining of spiders (Araneae)
KRIŠTOFOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis focuses on a current issue of classifying spiders into their families. The incorrect recognitions of a family are often caused by inappropriate choice of morphological features and their ambiguous characteristics for determination usage. In a literary review, various morphological characters of spiders used for their determination to families are summarized and described. Subsequently, two Czech keys were tested by respondents, which provided a view of the steps and features causing difficulties in classifying spider families. Thus, I outline both unquestioning acceptance of features from older sources and the fact that their usage is not always a reliable tool for determination. Often neglected is the attitude of inexperienced observers who look upon the spider body inexpertly, not being influenced by arachnological traditions, and therefore, with a certain dose of exaggeration, objectively. This is the reason why the research was done mainly with the help of amateur public. In the final parts of the bachelor thesis, I both discuss problems that emerged and were recorded during the observation and recommend suitable improvements concerning the classification keys.
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