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Yeast as the model for for neurodegenerative diseases
Motyčková, Věra ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Yeasts are traditional model organisms, which can be, surprisingly, used for studying neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson, Alzheimer and Huntington diseases. These diseases affect mostly elder population. It's because of decrease of cell control. Common denominator of these diseases are impaired vesicular transport, protein synthesis and degradation, increasing oxidative stress and ROS. The main cause of neurodegenerative diseases is protein misfolding, which provokes cytotoxic protein aggregation. Modified yeast strains can be used to identify genes and proteins that affect cytotoxicity of these key proteins. If these genes have human orthologues, they could be therapeutic targets. The aim of this work is to summarize methods that study causes of neurodegeneration in yeast and to describe the main results discovered in yeast models. Key words: yeast, model system, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, Huntington disease
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Preparation and characterization of epitaxial tungsten oxide thin films
Pavlíková, Romana ; Mašek, Karel (advisor) ; Olejník, Kamil (referee)
Tungsten oxide thin films were prepared by vacuum evaporation on surfaces of Pd(111), Cu(111), Cu(110) and Cu(100) single crystals and studied by RHEED, XPS and AFM methods. The tungsten oxide deposition was done at temperatures from 300 řC to 400 řC in UHV or in oxygen atmosphere. The best deposition conditions - substrate temperature of 400 řC and oxygen atmosphere - were found resulting in growth of epitaxial and only partially reduced thin films. Thin films grown on the Pd(111) and Cu(111) surfaces consisted of two phases: a nearly atomically flat phase with (100) epitaxial plane and a phase formed by three dimensional particles with (111) epitaxial plane. Thin film deposited on Cu(100) also consisted of two phases: a flat film with (100) epitaxial plane and self-organised 1D structures parallel to Cu[010] and Cu[001] directions. Thin film prepared on the Cu(110) surface contained solely 1D structures parallel to Cu[1-10] surface direction. Capability of the partially reduced thin films for oxidation was studied. We applied oxidation using RF oxygen plasma, O2 exposure at elevated temperature and exposure to atmosphere. Thermal stability of the WO3/Cu(110) system was also investigated by heating up to 620 řC.
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