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Specifics of plant mineral nutrition on serpentine soils
Škopová, Lucie ; Tylová, Edita (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
Serpentine is a metamorphosed ultramafic rock on which a substrate with specific combinations of properties responsible for creating the typical inhospitable conditions for plant life is formed. The characteristic chemical composition of serpentine soils consists of a low ratio of Ca:Mg ions, low content of biogenic elements (P, K, N) and a high concentration of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Ni). Abiotic factors such as rocky surface, shallow soil and lack of water also hinder the life of local plant. The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize the complex of characteristic serpentine phenomenon that in many ways create stress conditions for plants growth. Thanks to this specificity, the serpentine areas are characterised by a specific flora and vegetation with a number of endemics. This work focuses on the specific mineral nutrition of plants and summarizes the knowledge on the mechanisms of adaptation of plants growing on serpentine substrates. I focused mainly on the typical low Ca:Mg ion ratio in serpentine soil and described the functions of these elements in plants and the stress effect of excess Mg. Throughout this work, I also address the mechanisms of uptake and transport of serpentine-relevant nutrients in the plants identified so far. In conclusion, I discuss ability of plants to survive in...
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The importance of root exudates for crop cultivation under climate change
Schnürer, Oliver ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Root exudates are compounds secreted by plant roots that can help plants, for example, to obtain nutrients from the soil or to increase their resistance to biotic stress. Root exudates can thus hide a great potential that can be used in agriculture. As human population grows, there is increasing pressure on agriculture, which must provide enough food to feed the global population, thus ensuring food security. Until now, agricultural activity has tried to satisfy this demand by intensification of agriculture, mainly by breeding highly productive crops when using intensive fertilizing, but the theoretical possible benefits of root exudates in breeding remained overlooked. Intensive farming practices can further exacerbate the impacts of ongoing climate change, for example by increasing soil carbon mineralization or reducing biodiversity. By using root exudates in the production of crops, it will be possible to achieve a higher nutrient content in soil, as well as a higher resistance of crops to pests, without the aforementioned negative impacts of intensive agriculture. In this work, I tried to describe the main functions of root exudates, their reaction to increased CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, their stress response caused by stressors of climate change and their theoretical use in...
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