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Reprodukční a užitkové vlastnosti dojnic holštýnského skotu v chovech s rozdílným typem dojení
JEŠETOVÁ, Kateřina
This study focuses on the reproductive and productive traits on two dairy farms of Holstein cattle with different types of milking. The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the productive and reproductive parameters of Holstein cattle in herringbone and robotic milking parlours for the year 2023. On the farm A, there is milking caried out in a herringbone parlour twice a day. Cows are milked by machine in the groups (2×10). On the farm B, milking is carried out by using automatic milking robots twice a day. It is obvious from the milk yield results that the farm B achieved a higher average milk yield by almost 4 liters per cow (3,86 l) compared to the farm A. Cows from both farms achieved higher milk yields with increasing order of lactation. On the other hand, higher milk component content (fat and protein content) was achieved within farm A. There was not a significant difference in the average protein content in the milk between the farms (0,08 %). However, the average milk fat content was higher in the farm A by 0,41 % compared to the farm B. The average somatic cell count was twice as high in the farm with robotic milking (342 000 SB/ml) compared to the farm A (170 000 SB/ml). The largest differences between these farms with herringbone and robotic milking enterprises were in milk yield, milk fat content, somatic cell count, lactation days and percentage of stillborn calves. Other indicators, such as service period, age at first calving, dry period length, intercalving interval and insemination index were similar or almost identical in both farms.
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Mléčná užitkovost plemene Brown Swiss ve vybraném chovu
MACHÁČKOVÁ, Kamila
Milk yield control in cows is a crucial activity in cattle farming, providing valuable information for breeders and geneticists. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the individual milk yield controls of the Brown Swiss breed in a selected breeding program. The number of cows monitored for yield control over two years remained approximately twenty head. The values of milk yield, milk fat, milk protein, lactose and somatic cells were monitored.
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Mléčná užitkovost kozy bílé krátkosrsté a hnědé krátkosrsté ve vybraném chovu
KRAMEŠOVÁ, Jaroslava
Goats have recently become popular for breeding. They are breeding mainly for meat and milk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of goats in gene reserves in the Czech Republic. The average milk yield for years the 2020 to 2022 for a white shorthaired goat is 296,0 kg per standardized lactation and for brown shorthaired goats is 270,1 kg. The average fat content of milk for white shorthaired goats is 4,34 % and for brown shorthaired goats is 4,27 % in the monitored period. The protein content of a white shorthaired goat is 2,90 % and for brown shorthaired goat is similar (2,89 %). The last monitored substance was lactose. The average content lactose in milk for a white shorthaired goat is 4,29 % and for brown shorthaired goat is 4,24 %. Results show below the average milk yield but milk fat content was higher than average. This milk is better for example to make a cheese. The milk yield and the content of the individual components are genetically influenced. They can also be influenced by stress, nutrition, and other factors.
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Zhodnocení provozních a ekonomických faktorů ovlivňujících výkupní cenu mléka na konkrétní farmě na Ukrajině
Orlov, Bohdan
The bachelor's thesis discusses operational and economic factors that affect the purchase price of milk. We were interested in one particular farm in Ukraine. The price formation mechanisms could be different compared to the Czech Republic and, consequently, the European Union, which was interesting us. The monitored parameters mainly included: the amount of milk pro-duced, fat and protein content, takings depending on the quantity and quality of milk produced. We selected the subject (sample) by convenience sampling method. The company STOV im. Lesia Serdiuka, which is specified for the breeding of Holstein (Ukrainian black-and-white) and Ukraini-an red-and-white cattle, served as the object of the research. Data collection was carried out through telephone conversations and e-mail communication, the obtained data were subse-quently processed according to common mathematical and statistical methods. The results of the research indicate a strong direct-proportional connection between the purchase price of milk and the concentration of fat and protein, however, the total takings are affected more by the amount of milk produced than by the amount of components contained in it.
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Vyhodnocení reprodukce a mléčné užitkovosti v konvenčním a ekologickém chovu dojnic
Širůčková, Karolína
In this thesis the evaluation of selected reproductive and performance parameters in conventional and organic breeding of Czech fleckvieh cattle was solved. The herd of breeding cows from AZOS, Ltd. Zakřany farm was chosen as the conventional farm and Ekofarma Branná was chosen as the organic farm. The research found, that the age of heifers at their first calving was significantly higher in the organic farm (43 x 26 months). The length of the intercalving period was higher in the conventional farm (387 x 338 days). Much more difficult births occurred in the conventional farm. The type of farming also had a great influence on the milk yield, which was much higher in the conventional farm (32 x 12 kg of milk), as well as higher protein content (3.59 x 3.22 %), lactose content (4.92 x 4.68 %) and non-fatty solids (9.21 x 8.63 %). The organic farm had higher average fat content (4.04 x 3.77 %), fatty acid level (1.05 x 0.59 nmol/100g fat) and somatic cell count (261 x 175 K/ml). In contrary, there was no evidence of an effect of the breeding method on the following parameters: number and sex of calves born, calving ratio of cows and heifers, proportion of multiple births and stillbirths, urea, casein, citric acid, acetone and ketone content.
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Vliv teploty ve stáji na mléčnou užitkovost a pohybovou aktivitu holštýnských dojnic ve vybraném chovu
Vaňkátová, Eliška
The thesis deals with the effect of temperature in the barn on milk yield and locomotor activity of Holstein dairy cattle in a selected breeding system. The evaluation of milk performance was represented by the average daily milk yield, milk components content, namely fat, protein, lactose, somatic cell count and urea content. The literature review discusses the history, characteristics and breeding objective of the breed under study. It also describes the stall environment, heat stress and ways of eliminating it. Dairy performance, locomotor activity and the factors influencing them are also described. Data collection was carried out on the Vadín dairy farm in the Vysočina region. Thirty Holstein, calved within 4 weeks during the January and February. Cows were monitored for one year. The results do not show that the average daily temperature had a negative effect on the average daily milk yield. On the other hand, the effect of average daily temperature on the individual milk components was confirmed. As the average daily temperature increased, the fat, protein and urea content of the milk decreased, while the lactose content increased. The dependence of the number of somatic cells in milk on the average daily temperature was not confirmed. Also, the dependence of physical activity on average daily temperature was very weak.
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Analýza parametrov mliečnej úžitkovosti u dojníc pred a po inštalácii ventilátorov v stajni
Kancír, Ján
The aim of the study is to analyse milk performance parameters in dairy cows before and after the installation of fans in the barn. For this purpose, observation was carried out in a particular farm. The observation was carried out during the period from 2016 to the end of 2022. The whole observation was divided into two periods namely the period before and the period after the installation of the ventilators. The milk performance parameters will mainly include milk yield (kg milk), lactation order (n) and lactation stage (days). From the results obtained, the following can be stated. The installation of fans had an effect on milk yield over the whole follow-up period where before installation the mean milk yield was lower (P > 0.05) and after installation the milk yield was higher (P < 0.01). The effect of fans was also observed on milk constituent content. Considering only the summer months (June, July, August), it was found that there was a demonstrable increase (P < 0.01) in milk yield in cows after installation of fans. Regarding milk constituents, the installation had no demonstrable effect (P > 0.05). Nevertheless, a similar trend of reduction in fat and protein percentage can be seen as in the whole follow-up.
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Digitálna dermatitída a jej dopad na produkčné a ekonomické ukazatele
Bončová, Barbora
Hoof health problems are a concern in all dairy farms worldwide, impacting the well-being of cows and productivity, which directly affects the farm’s economy. One of the most widespread diseases is digital dermatitis (DD). The subject of this work was to evaluate the incidence of digital dermatitis based on parity and lactation phase on dairy farm with approximately 700 Holstein cows. An experiment was conducted to determine the correlation between disease presence and milk yield. ANOVA with repeated measures was used as statistical analysis, with the dependant variable being average daily milk yield. Dairy cows were divided into four groups based on parity and lactation phase. Furthermore, the course of lactation was examined during the period of nine weeks with hooves treated in fifth week. The cost of digital dermatitis was calculated per sick cow and for the entire farm using multiple models for comparison. Results showed that primiparous cows had the highest incidence of the disease, and numbers decreased with increasing parity. The incidence of digital dermatitis was approximately 12% in the observed group. A statistical dependence was confirmed in only one group, specifically in dairy cows during the second and third lactation in the second phase. After treatment, a few weeks of reduced milk production were noted, while cows with DD had higher milk yield during the study period. This suggests that high-productive cows have a higher predisposition to DD. The calculated costs per cow ranged from 1,488.66 to 2,234.51 CZK across different models, with total costs for the company ranging from 113,784.67 to 193,545.32 CZK per year.
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Vlivy působící na kvalitu a složení bazénových vzorků mléka u dojnic českého strakatého skotu v konkrétním chovu
Strnadová, Jitka
The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the influences on the quality and composition of bulk milk samples of dairy cows of Czech spotted cattle. The observation took place within one calendar year (January to December 2022) in the selected breeding of GenAgro Říčany a.s., when we took a total of 52 milk samples. The obtained samples were analyzed and, together with the data from the temperature-humidity sensors (HOBO), sorted in the Microsoft Excel program and subsequently evaluated in the STATISTICA 14.0 program. The highest number of somatic cells (SB) in milk was in the summer, while the lowest in the winter and spring (P < 0,05). The highest number of SB was in the temperature zone at 20.1 °C and the lowest at 0 °C (P < 0,05). The highest number of SB was found in the period with the highest average lactation order (P < 0,05). Regarding the influence of lactation phase, it was found that the highest number of SB was found in dairy cows in the period with the highest average lactation phase (P < 0,05). No significant differences (P > 0,05) were found for the other milk productivity parameters. Over the entire follow-up, the freezing point averaged -0,552°C in all cases.
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