|
|
Porovnávání klíčivosti a přežívání semenáčků v mikrostanovištích pastvin
VACKOVÁ, Tereza
The success of seedling survival was studied in microhabitats of a pasture. Seed germination of three species Trifolium pratense, Achillea millefolium and Carlina acaulis was observed in different types of microhabitats i.e. molehills, anthills, wild boar disturbances, and artificial gaps. Also, the environmental factors were measured. The observed microsites varied greatly in their soil conditions and seedlings of Trifolium pratense performed the best, particularly in wild boar disturbances.
|
|
|
The influence of forest management on occurence of microhabitats that are important for forest biodiversity
Heřmánková, Valentýna ; Hofmeister, Jan (advisor) ; Kozák, Daniel (referee)
A large part of the declining forest biodiversity (saproxylic insects, birds, fungi, bryophytes, lichens etc.) is linked to microhabitats that occur on structures typical of old-growth forests and are relatively rare in managed forests. In recent decades, alternative, more close-to- nature management practices have been slowly gaining ground, but their impact on microhabitats, and thus their potential value for forest biodiversity, has not yet been assessed. Therefore, I made a comparison of the occurrence and quality of microhabitats in 4 forest plots (8,3 to 42,5 ha) representing different forest management methods (traditional clearcutting management, alternative selective management and forest reservation at the time of data collection 65 years without intervention) in the natural conditions of the Central Bohemia. In the plots, using the adopted methodologies, I conducted an inventory of the presence of microhabitats on living trees and an inventory of deadwood and their assessment. The highest abundance and quality of microhabitats and deadwood were in the nature reserve, which at the same time completely exhausted the gamma diversity of all plots studied. The occurrence of microhabitats in clearcut and selective management forests was comparable and mostly low. The positive factors...
|
|
|
Diversity of small terrestrial mammals in the National Nature Reserve Voděradské bučiny
Šímová, Drahomíra ; Kouba, Marek (advisor) ; Markéta, Markéta (referee)
This thesis describes and evaluates the biodiversity of small terrestrial mammals in the forest complex National Nature Reserve Voděrady beech woods (hereafter the reserve) and continues in the bachelor´s thesis from 2013. The goal of the research was to find and compare the diversity of small terrestrial mammals inside the reserve and outside the reserve and to evaluate its microhabitat.
During the vegetative season 2013 and 2014, a total of five field catches of these animals were realized. Individuals were captured by the standard method of capture recapture methods (CMR) in to the live traps. The traps were spread by a quadrate method in three pair plots inside the reserve and outside the reserve. The localities had the same terrain conditions, but different tree species composition. During the research of small terrestrial mammals, the gender, age and weight of each individual was determined and the vegetation of particular localities were recorded by using the phytosocilogical relevés.
Total 85 individuals of two species of small terrestrial mammals were captured in the studied area. The most abundant species was the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) and the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) occurred sporadically in all plots.
The results obtained numbers of small terrestrial mammals were evaluated by Mann Whitney U Test in the mathematical software Statistic 13.2. The analysis of the microhabitat was accomplished by using PCA analysis (Principal components analysis) in program Canoco 5.
By comparing two types of individuals of small terrestrial mammals in localities in the reservation and outside the reservation in years 2013 and 2014 by Mann Whitney was found out that the number of the first captured individuals and the number of individuals differentiated from the gender and the age did not differ in localities in the reservation and outside the reservation.
Based on the analysis of PCA results was found that in the localities inside the reserve (beech forest regeneration and beech forest without regeneration) occurred mostly adult males in the microhabitats with the occurrence of the Fagus sylvaticus, Larix decidua and Luzula luzuloides seedlings and in the localities outside the reserve (spruce forest regeneration and spruce forest without regeneration) was found out more juvenile females in the microhabitats with the occurrence of Oxalis acetosella.
The thesis s results could serve as one of the basis of decision document for Administration of the Protected Landscape Area Blaník for decisions regarding realization of possible management in these localities because the research of small terrestrial mammals has not been done yet here.
|
|
|
Growth and mortality of natural regeneration after dieback of tree layer of mountain spruce forest
Červený, Jan ; Bače, Radek (advisor) ; Synek, Michal (referee)
The aim of this study is to assess the state of the natural generalization after the death of the upper tree layer in the mountain spruce forest, based on data acquired on permanent research area (50x50 m) where the collection of the data is in progress since 2006 in the area Trojmezná. These areas were damaged by hurricane Kyrill and afterwards bark beetle calamity in 2008. In these areas were defined squares of size 5x5m and they were divided into cells 0,5x0,5m and these shelf is recorded every individual, the increment, health and microhabitat. By the analysis which was carried out, was found, that woody representation is not different from the representation of upper tree layer, the number of spruce is 97% and 3% of the crane. Most individuals were caught before the disturbances, the youngest individuals germinated in 2006. Higher individuals achieve higher gains than smaller individuals, it means that the heterogeneity of the height structure is increasing. Based on analysis of mortality individual squares (50x50m) was found that after the disturbance on TVP new places without trees were not formed. The dependence of mortality on frequency of individuals in the cells (0,5x 0,5m) has not been demonstrated. That means that mortality of individuals at intraspecific competition is yet significantly independent, although abundance exceeded 17 individuals per cell. Eight years after disturbance is mortality very low. The highest regeneration grows up to 20 cm per year.
|
|
|
Different type of biomass parcels after the harvest as a microbiotope for invertebrates
MACHOVEC, Jiří
Epigeic beetle communities were studied on four types of biomass bales in the cadastral unit Vrbice u Žitné, district Prachatice. Involved were bales a of grass silage stored on the edge of permanent grassland, on hay bales individually placed on permanent grassland , followed by straw bales scattered in the fields of arable land and straw bales stored on the edge of arable land. The first three types of bales were in position only few months (2-3), while straw bales at the fourth position had been more than one year. The sampling method was selected a sieving of detritus. In the bales of hay were found 9 species of 5 families. In hay bales were found 7 species of 4 families. In the straw bales (which spent in position less time - 3 months), were found 10 species of 6 families. In the bales which were in position 13 months, were found 14 species of 4 families. Index of anthropogenic influence on communities demonstrated that the positions are strongly influenced.
|
guest ::
