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Determination of selected elements in cereal flours and their gluten-free alternatives
Venclová, Veronika ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Nováková, Eliška (referee)
This study deals with the determination of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum in cereal gluten flours and its gluten-free alternatives. The flour samples were digested using a microwave device and the elements in solution were subsequently determined using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Optimization of the digestion of the selected flours was performer prior to the actual determination of the elements. The aim of the work was to determine the above listed elements in the flour samples and to establish a basic overview of the elemental composition of the different flours. This overview and comparison of the different flours is intended to help the people with celiac disease to choose gluten-free alternatives to wheat flour. Keywords Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, microwave digestion, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, molybdenum, wheat flour, gluten-free flours, celiac disease
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Determination of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in selected types of animal bones
Škardová, Alice ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Kozlík, Petr (referee)
This research focuses on the elemental analysis of selected elements (calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) within the bones of various animal species, aiming to make comparative nutritional assessments. The obtained bone samples were subjected to mechanical grinding and then quantitatively weighed into collapsible cartridges. Using high-pressure microwave decomposition with the incorporation of nitric and hydrochloric acid, the samples were transformed into solution form, which was then appropriately diluted. The analysis of the liquid samples was carried out using a mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma. The observed composition for each sample was calculated using the calibration curve, accounting for both sample mass and dilution factors. All results obtained exceeded the detection limit for calcium 0.38 mg/l, magnesium 0.037 mg/l, and phosphorus 0.078 mg/l. The main finding of this research is the complete understanding of the elemental makeup present within the bones of distinct animal species.
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Mineralisation of biological samples in ultratrace analysis
Kryštofová, Aneta ; Komendová, Renata (referee) ; Vašinová Galiová, Michaela (advisor)
Cancer is one of the most serious and most common diseases in today's population. For this reason, research is being carried out to discover new ways of treating cancer. One of the frequently used treatments is chemotherapy. However, due to the side effects on the health of cancer patients of the currently known chemotherapeutic agents, new substances with anticancer effect are still being developed. In this bachelor thesis, the mineralization processes of cancer cells injected with chemotherapeutic agents were compared. One of the digestion approaches was wet digestion using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide in different ratios. This method of digestion was compared with digestion using a microwave device, where mineralization was most efficient. Indeed, mineralization of tumor cells was the first step in determining the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic drug in a particular cell line. The ICP-MS method was used to analyse the tumour cells, prior to which the cell samples had to be transferred into solution and this was done by digestion. Unfortunately, due to the variability of the biological samples used, it was not possible to clearly assess whether the hydrogen peroxide contained in the digestion mixture contributed to the efficiency of mineralisation.
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The content of selected elements in fruiting bodies of mushrooms with ecological relationship to white birch
KREJSA, Jiří
The contents of 21 risk and essential elements were determined in fruiting bodies of four macrofungi species with ecological connection to white birch. Leccinum scabrum and Leccinum versipelle were common mycorrhizal edible mushrooms, while Piptoporus betulinus and Inonotus obliquus were parasitic mushrooms with medicinal effects. The samples were taken from two locations in Šumava mountains - near the town of Vimperk and near the small village of Křišťánovice. Simultaneously with fruiting bodies of mycorrhizal mushrooms, underlying substrates were taken for determination of bioconcentration factors.
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Determination of zinc, cadmium and nickel in leaves by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
Plodík, Michal ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Červený, Václav (referee)
Práce je zaměřena na stanovení těžkých kovů (zinku, kadmia a niklu) v listech různých druhů stromů. Vzorky byly odebrány z různých lokalit na území České republiky. Pro analýzu byla použita hmotnostní spektrometrie s indukčně vázaným plazmatem, která je dostatečně citlivá pro předpokládané nízké koncentrace vybraných kovů. Pro stanovení koncentrace byla klíčová příprava vzorků pro mikrovlnný rozklad v koncentrované kyselině dusičné. Naměřené koncentrace sledovaných kovů se lišily nejen mezi lokalitami a jednotlivými rostlinnými druhy, ale také v rámci jedné lokality. Použitá metoda ICP-MS prokázala dostatečnou citlivost i u prvků s přirozeně nízkou koncentrací v životním prostředí, což bylo v této práci kadmium.
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