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Modelovací úlohy - Role strategií při procesu transformace mentální představy do formální reprezentace
GEYER, Jakub
Modeling tasks, consisting in the transformation of a mental image into the formal representation, very often occur in the study of computer science, mathematics, but also in other technical and non-technical fields. From the didactic point of view, it is interesting in modeling tasks (among others), which methods/procedures solvers (students) use to manage more demanding complex tasks. It is often possible to encounter students, who have significant problems solving complex tasks (or they are not able to solve them satisfactorily at all), even though they did not have any problems with similar simpler tasks before during the course. A possible explanation can be seen in the suboptimal use of modeling strategies (e.g. divide&conquer, iterative approach, etc.) or their total absence. This research is focused on the analysis of the role of strategies in modeling tasks, the possibilities of their support/development and teaching methods. The study is conducted, which aimed to analyze the possible impact of strategies in the procedures of university students in solving modeling tasks in the areas of 3D modeling and databases. The goal of the research was also to analyze the possibility of generalization of modeling strategies and their transferability between domains with different type of model.
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Charakter construction : character within fictional worlds and storyworlds
Staniševská, Aneta ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis being presented aims to stress the differences between characters in fictional worlds and characters in storyworlds by means of question of possibilities and limits of reader's inferences. The aims of this thesis is to prove that storyworld construed as a mental model manages to avoid some problems that relate to fictional worlds theories. First chapter provides an insight into the issue of definitions and theories of character and places cognitive approaches to character within it. Since a concept of fictional world and a concept of storyworld are often construed as very alike, in the second chapter, there are two opposed opinions concerning reader's activity during a construction of fictional world; that is theories of Lubomír Doležel and Marie-Laure Ryan. By means of their mutual comparision, the distinctive status of fictional character concerning reader's inferences is being emphasized that further bears a decisive role within theory of Umberto Eco of which a core is presented in chapter three. The link between story comprehension and construction of fictional character is a centre of interest of chapter four, where cognitive approaches are represented by theories by Alan Palmer and David Herman. This chapter presents storyworld and character within it as open and fluid flexible....
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Charakter construction : character within fictional worlds and storyworlds
Staniševská, Aneta ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis being presented aims to stress the differences between characters in fictional worlds and characters in storyworlds by means of question of possibilities and limits of reader's inferences. The aims of this thesis is to prove that storyworld construed as a mental model manages to avoid some problems that relate to fictional worlds theories. First chapter provides an insight into the issue of definitions and theories of character and places cognitive approaches to character within it. Since a concept of fictional world and a concept of storyworld are often construed as very alike, in the second chapter, there are two opposed opinions concerning reader's activity during a construction of fictional world; that is theories of Lubomír Doležel and Marie-Laure Ryan. By means of their mutual comparision, the distinctive status of fictional character concerning reader's inferences is being emphasized that further bears a decisive role within theory of Umberto Eco of which a core is presented in chapter three. The link between story comprehension and construction of fictional character is a centre of interest of chapter four, where cognitive approaches are represented by theories by Alan Palmer and David Herman. This chapter presents storyworld and character within it as open and fluid flexible....
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Inferences in text understanding
Honková, Tereza ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.
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Application of system dynamics in the management of medical facilities
Kastner, Pavel ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Palivoda, Michal (referee)
At the present time, characterised by increasing complexity of not just socio-economics systems, decision-making in positions of executive management is becoming increasingly difficult. Although more and more attention is dedicated to use of information and communication technologies in corporate sector and organizations collect unprecedented amount of very detailed data from all areas, their real nature is often not considered. Data, information and knowledge, through which we can achieve real understanding of causes of the observed systems behaviour, are necessary basis for ability for prediction of tomorrow's effects of today's decisions. This thesis aims to highlight the essence of data, information and knowledge in organization and the necessity of systemic perception for creating efficient and effective decisions. The second part of this thesis presents design of system-dynamic model (including user interface), which explains the mechanisms of health care volume accounting in medical facilities with more departments. The model should facilitate understanding of functioning of hospitals by the public, and respect of general nature of medical facilities functioning to create a base for robust model-oriented decision support system for the management.
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