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Determination of residual substances from the preparation of colloidal systems based on biopolymers
Borůvková, Tereza ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
Volatile organic compounds could be isolated and concentrated from liquid solution using methods, which are based on analysis of equilibrium gas phase, because of their volatility. The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is determination the amount of residual tert-butanol, belonging to volatile organic compounds, in the samples after lyophilisation. Samples were prepared by mixing hydrofobic sonde and hydrofilic hyaluronan. For mixing these components it is necessary to add organic solvent tert-butanol, which ensures stable environment. Thanks to its presence mixing of probe and hyaluronan occurs. Consecutive lyopfilisation of the sample leads to the disruption of a water cover of hyaluronan and nonpolar hydrogen atoms, which are hidden in it, can interact with hydrofobic probe. Bonding the probe is important in oncology, where this fact could be used in targeted distribution of pharmaceuticals. However presence of tert-butanol is unacceptable in the final product, mainly in medical applications. The object this study is the minimization of residual tert-butanol amount in final lyophilised cake. The method of equilibrium gas phase analysis (static Head-Space) by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was used for the determination of its content.
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Program-controlled freeze drying for the preparation of the delivery system based on hyaluronan and real drugs
Řihák, Marek ; Sedláček, Petr (referee) ; Enev, Vojtěch (advisor)
The aim of this thesis was to prepare native hyaluronan-based carrier systems using the lyophilisation as a suitable method to ensure an interaction between certain drugs and the polymeric structure which would lead to an increased solubility of hydrophobic drugs. For the preparation of such a system the tert-butyl alcohol was used as a co-solvent with the ability to support hydrophobic effect between the drug and a hydrophobic domain of hyaluronan. Since all polar domains of hyaluronan are located in the equatorial position, the axial position is occupied by hydrogens and therefore the molecule gains the amphiphilic character. Previous studies have confirmed that freeze-drying is a useful method for a carrier system preparation. However, this study focuses on the preparation of such systems with samples of real drugs, which were previously replaced by fluorescence sondes. Since all drug samples have good fluorescence characteristics, the fluorescence spectroscopy was used as the main method to determine the success of the preparation. Other methods included a thermogravimetric analysis and the infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation. All the mentioned methods have confirmed that lyophilisation is a useful method for the preparation of the carrier systems with real drugs. Great results have been achieved in the terms of the solubility of freeze-dried systems. In the last step, the co-solvent residues were determined by head-space solid phase microextraction. This method also provided some valuable information and confirmed that tert-butyl alcohol could be found in the lyophilised systems only on very low levels.
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Determination of residual substances from the preparation of colloidal systems based on biopolymers
Borůvková, Tereza ; Vávrová, Milada (referee) ; Mravec, Filip (advisor)
Volatile organic compounds could be isolated and concentrated from liquid solution using methods, which are based on analysis of equilibrium gas phase, because of their volatility. The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is determination the amount of residual tert-butanol, belonging to volatile organic compounds, in the samples after lyophilisation. Samples were prepared by mixing hydrofobic sonde and hydrofilic hyaluronan. For mixing these components it is necessary to add organic solvent tert-butanol, which ensures stable environment. Thanks to its presence mixing of probe and hyaluronan occurs. Consecutive lyopfilisation of the sample leads to the disruption of a water cover of hyaluronan and nonpolar hydrogen atoms, which are hidden in it, can interact with hydrofobic probe. Bonding the probe is important in oncology, where this fact could be used in targeted distribution of pharmaceuticals. However presence of tert-butanol is unacceptable in the final product, mainly in medical applications. The object this study is the minimization of residual tert-butanol amount in final lyophilised cake. The method of equilibrium gas phase analysis (static Head-Space) by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) was used for the determination of its content.
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