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Complex Evaluation of Immune Defects in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Vodárek, Pavel ; Belada, David (advisor) ; Doubek, Michael (referee) ; Papajík, Tomáš (referee)
Complex evaluation of immune defects in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia MUDr. Pavel Vodárek Abstract of dissertation thesis Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is associated with significant combined immunodeficiency. Amongst most important immune defects are hypogammaglobulinemia and changes in relative and absolute counts of different lymphocyte populations and subsets. As consequence of these changes, there can be higher frequency of infections and progression of CLL itself. The impact of chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) on immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and lymphocyte populations has not been extensively studied. In this dissertation thesis, we analysed Ig levels and lymphocyte populations (using flow cytometry) in 45 patients with indolent untreated CLL and 90 patients with progressive disease indicated for treatment. In 58 patients, we evaluated the impact of first-line CIT. For lymphocyte populations' analysis, we had also cohort of 34 healthy controls. Patients with progressive disease had significantly lower levels of all Ig classes and subclasses than patients with inactive disease: IgG, median 6.96 vs. 9.86 g/l, p=0.0001; IgA, median 0.63 vs. 1.53 g/l, p<0.0001; IgM, median 0.36 vs. 0.57 g/l, p=0.0035. After treatment, median IgA increased from 0.59 g/l to 0.74 g/l (p=0.0031). Other Ig classes and...
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Na/K-ATPase in spleen lymphocytes and hippocampus of rat; effect of morphine, stimulation by mitogen and effect of stress induced by deprivation from sleep
Kaufman, Jonáš ; Svoboda, Petr (advisor) ; Hejnová, Lucie (referee)
This work was oriented to studies of sodium and potassium dependent adenosinetriphosphatase, Na+ /K+ ATPase, which is selectively inhibited by cardioactive glycoside, ouabain. The alterations in level of this enzyme were followed in spleen lymphocytes and hippocampus prepared from rats. Detection of Na+ /K+ ATPase has been made by western blot analysis using primary antibodies oriented against α subunit of Na+ /K+ ATPase. Studies of lymphocytes were based on usage of both monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. In studies of hippocampus monoclonal antibodies were used. The first aim of my work was to determine the alterations in the level of Na+ /K+ ATPase in spleen lymphocytes cultivated in tissue culture (i.e. under in vitro conditions) in the presence of morphine or strong mitogen, concanavalin A (ConA). The second aim of these theses was to determine the changes of Na+ /K+ ATPase α subunit in hippocampus of rats, which were under in vivo conditions exposed to stress lasting 3 days. The stress of experimental animals was induced by deprivation from sleep. The long-term incubation of spleen lymphocytes with 10 μM morphine for 48 hours did not cause a significant change of Na+ /K+ ATPase α subunit level. This result was obtain by analysis of post nuclear fraction (PNS), by use of monoclonal...
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Aplikace mesalazinu do peritoneální dutiny potkana
Hönigová, Kateřina
The objective of this diploma thesis was to determine the influence of the application of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) in the peritoneal cavity on the initiation and course of the inflammatory reaction. For these purposes, the rat was chosen as the model animal on which the model of intraperitoneal lavage was applied. The rat’s peritoneal cavity is easily accessible and reflects the functions and reactions of the immune system. For the purposes of the experiment, the rats were divided into 3 groups; in the first group, the peritoneal cavity was assessed in its physiological condition, without any prior application of the substance. PBS was applied to the second group of rats, and the evaluation of the absolute numbers of cells followed after 4 and 24 hours using the Bürker counting chamber and optical microscopy. In the last group, mesalazine was applied, the exposure of which was 4 hours for one half of the group and 24 hours for the other. These time intervals were followed by the evaluation of the absolute number of cells. In order to determine the differential numbers of cells for all the samples, the coated glasses were coloured and evaluated. The greatest statistically relevant difference was identified in the case of the neutrophil population, where the neutrophil share increased from 0-5 % in the intact cavity to up to 35 % in the cavity after the PBS application. Out of all the experimental groups, the population of lymphocytes was relatively stable; the share of macrophages was, statistically, considerably lower for the groups after the mesalazine application. These results indicate that the application of PBS as an inert substance did not cause such a major reaction regarding the influx of neutrophils as the application of 5-ASA.
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Aplikace L-carnitinu do peritoneální dutiny potkana
Drozd, Eliška
This thesis (Application of L-carnitine to the peritoneal cavity of rat) deals with the effect of L-carnitine on the inflammatory response of the organism. L-carnitine is a common part of the body's physiological functions. It is part of the lipid metabolism in the mammalian organism. Its effect helps to transfer fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondria. The literary part deals with the current state of L-carnitine research and its effects in the body. It also deals with methods of applying active substances to or-ganisms and blood elements, namely leukocytes and their functions associated with inflammatory reaction. The experimental section deals with the influence of L-carnitine on the course of inflammatory reaction in the peritoneal cavity. It also deals with the determination of the dynamics of the inflammatory response, which is evalu-ated using absolute and differential leukocyte counts at two time points.
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Microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases
Gajdárová, Zuzana ; Kostovčíková, Klára (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are an autoimmune illnesses affecting gastrointestinal tract. The main types include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recently, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has also been associated with IBD. PSC is a chronic liver disease associated with bile duct stenosis. The exact pathogenesis and etiology of these diseases is not clear, despite the great efforts of the scientific community. They are multifactorial diseases that are associated with dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota. Their diagnosis is based on for patients unpleasant endoscopic examinations and therefore the search for new serum biomarkers is needed and appreciated target of scientific interest. In the first part of diploma thesis, we focused on the reactivity of peripheral blood cells of IBD patients to 10 selected representatives of typical intestinal microbiota: Lactobacillus plantarum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Blautia coccoides, Roseburia intestinalis, Eubacterium rectale, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Prevotella ruminicola and Escherichia coli. Reactivity of CD, UC and PSC- IBD patients was increased after stimulation with Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus and Prevotella. However, we got low percentage of cytokine-producing cells,...
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The role of the cellular prion protein in the cells of the immune system
Havlík, Martin ; Holada, Karel (advisor) ; Pačes, Jan (referee) ; Pačes, Jan (referee)
Prion protein (PrPC) is connected with the origin of transmissive spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), fatal diseases that are on the molecular level based on the conversion of the cellular form of prion protein, PrPC, into the infectious form, PrPTSE. This isoform, exhibiting increased resistance against proteases and common decontamination methods, accumulates in tissues and causes degenerative damages of the central nervous system. Potential physiological function of PrPC in cells remains unclear, though many efforts have been focused on this research area in past years. Expression of PrPC was detected especially in neurons, high levels of PrPC are also present in different types of cells of immune system. Whereas some immunocompetent cells were widely examined, the relationship of PrPC with the function of others was not studied. PrPC probably plays a role in differentiation and activation of some immune cells, participates in regulation of cytokine production and other immune processes, affects grow of CD4+ T-cell population and also takes a part in formation of secondary lymphatic organs. This bachelor thesis is focused on summarization of existing knowledge describing the role of the cellular prion protein in cells of immune system, which is important also from the point of view of diagnosis...
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Immunoprotective properties of Sertoli cells
Porubská, Bianka ; Krulová, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Grobárová, Valéria (referee)
Sertoli cells (SCs) are somatic cells located in the male reproductive organs- testes. Everyday, understanding of their function and their role in spermatogenesis becomes better elucidated and there is no doubt that reproduction and continuity of the kind would be impaired in the absence of SCs. SCs are not only able to influence spermatogenesis they also significantly modulate immune system. Both cell and humoral component of immune system are affected after SCs application and SCs thus protect not only themselves, but also other co-transplanted cells. Modulation of response of innate and adaptive component of immune system may play a key role in the treatment of several diseases. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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