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Assessing the potentials of non timber forest products (NTFPs) as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest adjacent communities in the Sekyere East district of Ghana
Okyere, Florence
Background: Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) are biological resources of plant (other than timber) and animal origin, that are harvested from the natural forests or farmlands for human use. The forest continuous to serve as a socio-economic safety net for rural communities in most parts of African, South Asia and some parts of Latin America. Over 40% of the world’s poor population live within or in close proximity to tropical forest areas. Communities living adjacent forest regions invariably depend on the ecology for their everyday food, fuel, and income. Despite the economic importance of NTFPs, there is no proper valuation of NTFPs and its contribution to livelihood and development in rural communities that rely primarily on these products for their income, subsistence, and employment. Objective: To assess the potentials of NTFPs as an attractive livelihood option for the people living in the forest communities in the Sekyere East district of the Ashanti region of Ghana. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional study design was employed to collect data from selected rural communities in the Sekyere East district. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select the 6 communities from the district and a systematic sampling approach used to select every 3rd house within the community. A total of 502 participants who are above the legal working age of 15years were recruited and administered with a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done with the use of STATA and results were presented in tables and graphical representations. Results: A response rate of 98% was obtained from the administered questionnaire. Majority of the respondents were males, 67.73% and 32.27% being females. Males were more involved in NTFPs than females. Almost half of the respondents 48.21% involved in NTFPs collection were older persons between 50 to 59 years. About 84.66% of rural population depend solely on the forest for their daily livelihood. The average sales of NTFPs per market period was GH₵172.12. The majority of NTFPs collectors in the study earned between GH₵101 to 200 for each market day. An estimated amount of GH₵ 3,000 - 4,999 is earned by most respondent from the sale of NTFPs annually. The most common NTFPs harvested were game, firewood, mushroom, snail, leave wraps and honey. Conclusion: It has become evident that the majority of rural populations rely on NTFPs for their basic cash inflow and food requirement. Earnings from NTFPs sales contributes about half of overall household income and annual expenditure. Poverty reduction policies must increasingly incorporate NTFPs as an alternative source of income for deprived rural populations across different parts of the country.
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The Influence of Western Thinkers on Sun Yat-Sen, His Political Philosophy and Practice
Mališ, Jan ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The aim of this paper is to highlight the influences of major Western thinkers on Sun Yat-sen, which authors have had how much of an influence, and how different influences from different authors interact. The thesis begins immediately after the introduction, with a brief summary of Sun Yat-sen's life, emphasizing the possible influences from any angle. The work then moves on to the main part, which are the influences themselves, divided into two parts. The first are the broader influences, that is, the influences of authors, stimuli, or environments that did not have as much of an influence as the four main authors, but are still worthy of a subsection in the thesis alone. These chapters analyze Mill, Rousseau, Lincoln, and then the influence of Japan and British-influenced territories. The second part then deals with the main authors, which are Montesquieu,George, Kropotkin and Marx. The thesis then concludes with a summary of the main findings, a short recapitulation of the thesis and overall concluding thoughts on the thesis.
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Assistance to persons in material need
Jakešová, Stanislava ; Štangová, Věra (advisor) ; Vysokajová, Margerita (referee)
ASSISTANCE TO PERSONS IN MATERIAL NEED At the present time in the Czech Republic the assistance to persons in material need is provided by nongovernmental organisations (Salvation Army, Naděje, Diakonie and others). However, the state has the bigger role to play in this area as according to Art. 30/2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms it is obliged to provide anyone in material need the assistance in securing basic living conditions. The state does so through the Material Need Assistance Bodies. As the previous legal regulation of assistance to persons in social need had not been fully sufficient, a new Act on Assistance in Material Need was adopted, coming into force on 1 January 2007. This Act introduced several crucial changes. The Material Need Assistance Body is obliged to provide social consultation to anyone in material need. Timely and professional consultation very often leads to resolving the difficult situation of the client, and regularly there is no longer any need to grant and disburse the relevant benefits and allowances. In case the social consultation is insufficient to resolve the situation of the client the Act allows for disbursing material need assistance benefits and allowances. These are envisioned to resolve certain situation of the client. If the client lacks...
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The influence of the majority society to the Roma population in the past and in the nowadays
MÁLKOVÁ, Soňa
Bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the majority society to the Roma population in the past and today. The aim of this thesis is to highlight the impact that had the majority society to the Roma minority in transforming the Roma way of life over the last 70 years. This goal was realized through the study of profesional literature, especially in the lifestyle of Roma population in the last seventy years. The thesis has a total of four chapters. The first chapter describes the Roma minority, discusses the mentality and values of the Roma. The second chapter deals with the traditional way of life of the Roma, focusing on housing, employment and family. Chapter three, which is also the main chapter, focuses on addressing the social situation of the Roma in the years 1945-1989 and the transformation of Roma life in this period. The fourth chapter deals with the current lifestyle of the Roma minority.
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