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COVID-19 and kidney diseases
Stanovský, Samuel ; Čertíková-Chábová, Věra (advisor) ; Zahrádka, Ivan (referee)
In clinical practice, SARS-CoV-2 virus infection and COVID-19 disease are mainly associated with dominant respiratory disorders of varying severity, from minor events such as upper respiratory tract infections to life-threatening respiratory failure. However, COVID-19 can not only be seen as a respiratory infection, but the possibility of systemic involvement should also be considered. One of the internal organs that can be directly affected by the virus is the kidneys. Renal damage from the SARS-CoV-2 virus can occur in completely intact kidneys or can affect kidneys with pre-existing nephropathy. In addition, patients with manifest renal disease are considered at higher risk for the COVID-19 than healthy population due to the often-significant immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy that might be a part of various nephropathy treatment regimens.
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Knowledge of kidney function and disease in upper elementary school pupils of selected elementary schools
Kučerová, Petra ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
The dissertation entitled Knowledge of kidney function and disease in upper elementary school pupils of selected elementary schools focuses on what knowledge of kidneys and kidney disease among pupils of selected elementary schools. The objective of the thesis is to show what knowledge pupils of the final two grades of selected elementary schools have about the structure and function of the kidneys as well as kidney disease and the possibilities of disease prevention, namely in terms of a suitable lifestyle and exercise. The theoretical part of the dissertation focuses on the description of the structure and function of the kidneys, kidney diseases and their treatment options, as well as the development of dialysis treatment since 2015 and assumptions about the success of the treatment. Importantly, it examines the Framework Educational Programme for elementary education, where the focus is on areas related to the topic of kidneys and their health. The practical part consists of an analysis of the answers of selected elementary school students to the questions in a questionnaire which contains questions focused on knowledge about kidney structure and function, possible risks to kidney health, the influence of diet and drinking habits on kidney health, and about disease prevention. Following from...
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Dopad alimentární expozice bisfenolu S na vybrané orgány laboratorních potkanů
ROČEŇOVÁ, Adéla
The present thesis investigated the impact of a ten-week oral exposure to BPS (50 ?g/kg live weight/day) in female outbred Wistar Han rats. The effect of BPS exposure on live weight, absolute and relative kidney and liver weights, morphometric parameters of kidney and renal corpuscles, histopathological changes of kidney and liver were evaluated. In addition, the concentration of total protein, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, urea and alanine aminotransferase activity were determined in blood serum.
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Pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome in children and predictors of corticosteroid treatment response
Bezdíčka, Martin ; Souček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Doležel, Zdeněk (referee) ; Reiterová, Jana (referee)
Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disease caused by injury of the podocytes. It can be secondary due to infection, systemic disease or certain drugs, but it may also present as sudden primary nephrotic syndrome without obvious inducer. Current standard treatment has many severe adverse effects. In some patients that are resistant to the initial several-week-long glucocorticoid treatment it is possible to reveal the causative genetic aetiology of the disease, whereas in the rest of them aetiology remains unknown. Those who respond well to initial glucocorticoid treatment and achieve remission may later on develop repeated relapses requiring long-term glucocorticoid therapy. This work describes our original research studies focusing on the improvement of genetic diagnostics of nephrotic syndrome, on the exploration of molecular mechanisms of the second most common genetic cause of the steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (transcription factor WT1 mutants) and on the search of clinical and laboratory factors that could predict the resistence to glucocorticoid treatment. By combining Sanger and next-generation sequencing (NGS) we were the first to identify monogenic cause in 38 % of Czech and Slovak children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome whose samples had been collected for 18 years. The most...
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The patient healing hemodialysis at home by the paramedic´s perspective
KŘIVÁNEK, Martin
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of domestic haemodialysis with special attention to the role of paramedics in dealing with acute problems associated with this procedure. The work is intended as theoretical, without the author´s own research. It aims at reviewing treatment options for kidney failure, describing the principle of home haemodialysis, its benefits and disadvantages for patients and their families. Special attention is paid both to potential risks brought about by this method of dialysing blood and to ways of addressing the complications from the perspective of pre-hospital care. To achieve its goals, the work outlines and compares current attitudes towards these issues both in this country and abroad. Its introductory part summarizes the structure and functions of kidneys, the most frequent causes of renal diseases as well as their possible therapies. Further on, it introduces in greater details both general and specific procedures applied by emergency medical squads in case of complications during domestic haemodialysis. The main scientific contribution of the work consists in the very synthesis of the present knowledge and methods of treatment and - at the same time - in defining the so far unresolved issues. The part of the thesis devoted to home haemodialysis, which still represents a relatively rarely used method, underlines particularly the fact that emergency medical procedures responding to specific complications connected with this treatment have not been sufficiently defined yet. The thesis therefore comes to the conclusion that paramedics facing acute problems associated with domestic haemodialysis have to rely mainly on general procedures determined for providing pre-hospital care. That is why this field still remains open for further theoretical research. Detailed potential practical steps aimed specifically at complications during home haemodialysis are in demand as well.
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Renal pathology and diagnostic methods
Špiková, Andrea ; Fikrová, Petra (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Spikova Andrea Renal pathology and diagnostic methods Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician This thesis is focused on diagnostic methods in various renal diseases. The first part is devoted to the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, where is outlined how look and operate various parts of kidneys and also the whole organ. Next part si composed of analysis of the urine, where is described chemical analysis with test strip, when the colore change of indicator of zones subtracted result according to the color scale on the container tube. Nowadays are two types of devices for reading the diagnostic strips on the market. Basic reflex photometer operated by person or fully automatic one. Further part describe the examination of urinary sediment using light microscopy or phase contrast microscopy. In modern biochemical laboratories urinary sediment is investigated using flow cytometry or digital capture particles. The last part is devoted to imaging methods and renal biopsy, to their description, indications and pa comparison with another method. Imaging methods include ultrasonography, native image renal, excretory urography, ascendent ureter/pyelography, computed tomography, multidetector computed tomography,...
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Comparison between the quality of life of the patients with peritoneal dialysis in the year of 2004 and 2012
Fauová, Magdalena ; Mellanová, Alena (advisor) ; Podaná, Jana (referee)
The Bachelor Thesis looks into the standard of quality of life of patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. The aim of my work was to determine if the quality of life of the patients treated within the period of eight years moved towards any progress. Whether the patients have any problems at work, in their personal life, and if their illness allows them to enjoy leisure activities and last but not least, if they perceive any change in applying this treatment and how. In the theoretical part of my thesis, I am focused on summarizing the information related to anatomy and physiology of kidney, renal failure and compensation of renal function. The comprehensive description of the quality of life of these patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis forms an integral part of my work. In the empirical part, I have used quantitative research and data I obtained via questionnaire survey. In my further investigation I applied comparative research and its results were compared with the research undertaken in 2004. The results have showed that the quality of life has improved in comparison to the year of 2004 in all of the mentioned dimensions. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Analysis and identification of proteins in organ dysfunction using proteomic methods
Tůma, Zdeněk ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteomics has been utilized in medicine for investigation of disease mechanisms and biomarker discovery. Instrumental methods cover sample preparation, protein and peptide separation and mass spectrometry. At present, there is no proteomic method that can be used as universal for every sample. Analytical methods need to be adapted and optimized for certain samples. The aim of this work was to create methodic procedures and to interpret results of experimental and clinical research. The first part of the thesis includes experiments utilizing proteomics to study changes in the plasma proteome clinically relevant porcine model of sepsis-induced peritonitis. Proteomic analyzes were also starting methodological strategies in experiments aimed at kidney physiology and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury during sepsis. Renal biopsies were analyzed in order to study the time course of proteome changes caused by sepsis and surgery. The second part of the thesis contains experiments studying biocompatibility. A method for elution of proteins interacting with adsorbents used in extracorporeal liver support system and with hemodialyzer capillaries was prepared. Analysis of proteins adsorbed to polysulfone...
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Diagnosis and treatment of glomerulonephritis in children
Šejvlová, Barbora ; Nejmanová, Iveta (advisor) ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Author: Barbora Šejvlová Leader: PharmDr. Iveta Nejmanová, Ph.D Form: Bachelor thesis Field of study: Medical Laboratory Technician Title: Diagnosis and treatment of glomerulonephritis in children Aim of the work: The aim of this theses is to present current examination methods for kidney disease and to describe in more detail the types of glomerulonephritis. A part of the work is also a case report of teenage girl who suffered from glomerulonephritis. Main findings: The thesis is divided into 5 parts. The first part contains information about the anatomy of the kidneys, the physiology of the kidneys and inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. The second part deals with all possible examination methods in nephrology. The chapter describes the examination of urine, which is further divided into the technique of sample acquisition, diuresis, techniques of sample examination, proteinuria and hematuria. In this chapter we will focus on ultrasonography, immunology and renal biopsy too. In the third part we will get acquainted with acute glomerulonephritis. We will discuss rapidly progressing glomerulonephritis in the fourth part. The last chapter is devoted to chronic glomerulonephritis....
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