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Efficiency of cold treatment of locomotive system dysfunctions
Vášková, Mariana ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Efficiency of cold treatment of locomotive system dysfunctions Objectives: The theoretical part should provide an overview of effects of cold on the human organism. The practical part reports a pilot study in which local cryotherapy was applied to painful areas of dysfunctional locomotive system. Methods: After measuring local painfulness using an algometer, the Cryogen 2 device was used for local cryotherapeutic treatment; after the treatment, algometer was used again. Subjective state of the patient was monitored throughout the process. Cryotherapy was applied within normal individual physiotherapeutic treatment to patients of varying age, sex, and locomotive system dysfunctions. Results: We have shown that local cryotherapy, using the Cryogen 2 device, did decrease painfulness in measured areas. Although significant differences in pain perception were found between male and female patients, the efficiency of cryotherapy did not depend on sex. Some correlation was found between treatment efficiency and age. No evidence was found for establishing that repeated application decreases pain perception measured before the next treatment. The results are influenced by a smaller sample of patients and measurements, and by inhomogeneity of patients. Key words: pain treatment, cold, local cryotherapy,...
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Nonpharmacological interventions used by nurses in therapy and management of patients' pain hospitalized in intensive care units
Hájková, Martina ; Vaňková, Milena (advisor) ; Hocková, Jana (referee)
Patients in intensive care units (ICU) or Departments of Anesthesia and Resuscitation (DAR) still face the pain that is not sufficiently reduced despite all the achievements of modern medicine. The aim of the thesis was to analyze the management of pain and the role of nurses in the treatment of pain using non-pharmacological interventions in patients hospitalized to intensive care units, respectively DAR. The theoretical part summarizes the issue of pain, both from the pathophysiological and psychological point of view. Because pain itself is a very broad subject, I focused on the management of acute pain (or postoperative pain) in this thesis. The main chapter of the theoretical part discusses the issue of pain in patients at ICU/ DAR. The method of data collection using individual non-standardized semi-structured interviews was chosen for the presented qualitative research. The obtained data from individual interviews served for a depth analysis of the researched issue when the individual parts of the text were coded and then grouped into individual newly created categories. The research sample consisted of eight informants from nurses working in different types of ICU and DAR. The informants were properly acquainted with circumstances and ethical aspects before starting the research. According...
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Paliative Care in the Czech Republic. Comparism of the Church and non-Church Establishments
Fajstavrová, Elena ; Ovečka, Libor (advisor) ; Matějek, Jaromír (referee)
FAJSTAVROVÁ, Elena. Palliative care in the Czech Republic. Comparison between church based and non-church based care institutes. The diploma thesis focuses on the palliative care in the Czech Republic, on the comparison between the church based and non-church based institutes. The thesis carries out a research in six different institutes providing a palliative care. Based on interviews with doctors, spirituals and patient the institutes provide answers to main research topics of the thesis. By analysis of the interviews the care in different types of institutes and also in the particular institutes is examined and compared. The final part of the thesis summarizes the research with a study of ethical issues in dying. The diploma thesis provides examples in theory and practise of end of life care. The thesis can be used as a source of information for those looking for a palliative care.
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Efficiency of cold treatment of locomotive system dysfunctions
Vášková, Mariana ; Malá, Jitka (advisor) ; Vláčilová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Efficiency of cold treatment of locomotive system dysfunctions Objectives: The theoretical part should provide an overview of effects of cold on the human organism. The practical part reports a pilot study in which local cryotherapy was applied to painful areas of dysfunctional locomotive system. Methods: After measuring local painfulness using an algometer, the Cryogen 2 device was used for local cryotherapeutic treatment; after the treatment, algometer was used again. Subjective state of the patient was monitored throughout the process. Cryotherapy was applied within normal individual physiotherapeutic treatment to patients of varying age, sex, and locomotive system dysfunctions. Results: We have shown that local cryotherapy, using the Cryogen 2 device, did decrease painfulness in measured areas. Although significant differences in pain perception were found between male and female patients, the efficiency of cryotherapy did not depend on sex. Some correlation was found between treatment efficiency and age. No evidence was found for establishing that repeated application decreases pain perception measured before the next treatment. The results are influenced by a smaller sample of patients and measurements, and by inhomogeneity of patients. Key words: pain treatment, cold, local cryotherapy,...
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Pain as indicating and limiting factor in physiotherapy
VONEŠOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis focuses on the issue of pain. Pain is part of most of the diseases not only of the musculoskeletal system. This unpleasant sensation is a warning sign for the affected person, that there is some pathological process in his body, or there is going to be a pathological proces. The pain should not be underestimated, because its function is primarily protective. The pain is a subsequent process, during which is happening biochemical and neurofyziological interactions at different levels of irritation. It includes a wide range of predominantly negative perceptions of varying intensity and character. Painful mechanisms are handled by the nociceptors, thus aferent neurons with thin and thick myelinize fibres. It is conduct by the primary aferentn fibres mixed or sensitive peripheral nerves, with the way of back root into the spinal cord and ends in the substantia gelatinosa of the back corner of the spinal cord. But its intensity is very subjective and people with the same disease can experience totally different intensity. This thesis deals with the importance and possibilities of physiotherapy in the control of pain of the musculoskeletal system. The main objective of my work is to provide basic theoretical information about the pain, its distribution, examination, and treatment. The research part of my thesis will be map the possibilities of physiotherapy in some diseases. And in other part the reasons that bring the patients to the physiotherapy ordination. The first part of the theoretical work includes the definition of pain, its way via the human body and its basic division. The other two chapters of the theoretical part include the examination of pain and its treatment not only pharmacological, but also physiotherapy with a component of physical therapy, manual therapy, kineziotherapy and other methods. The practical part consists of two researches. The main, qualitative research, and in the second place, then research quantitative. The file for the quantitative research, consist of four patients. Two patients are after surgery of the lumbal spine for prolaps of the disk and their problems have been of a structural base. Another two patients don't have diagnosed structural changes, so their pain problems are of the basis of the functional changes. Every patient was sampling anamnesis, checkup by the sight and palpation examination and four times during the period of therapy was filled in a questionnaires. And there are also described the methods used in the therapies. He research consist of 152 people. In the chapter "Results" in the practical part you can find the advances and changes for all probands, the final examinations and their subjective evaluation and also the results of the qualitative work. My bachelor thesis can be used to increase knowing about physiotherapy in the case of treatment the pain, also can be instrumental towards educational material for professional and general public.
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Bone metastases
MELICHAROVÁ, Miroslava
This bachelor's thesis deals with the topic ?Bone metastases?. The topic is split into the theoretical and practical part. To understand better the whole topic, I describe in the theoretical part at first the general anatomy of the bone tissue, subsequently the structure and growth of bones. There are described individual types of bone shapes. Also the process of occurring metastases or primary tumors in surrounding tissue is described, way of spreading and growth of tumor cells in the bone tissue is specified. Moreover I specify the occurrence of bone metastases and their diagnostics. In the diagnostics we notice at first the clinical symptoms bringing the patient to the physician. Three targets were determined for this thesis. The first target was to find out the most frequent places of occurrence of bone metastases. The second target was to find out the most frequent diagnostic method. And the third goal was to find out the most frequently used type of treatment during the occurrence of bone metastases. Also research questions were postulated. Research question No. 1: Do the bone metastases occur most frequently in the parts of red bone marrow with a rich blood circulation? Research question 2: Are the bone metastases diagnosed more frequently at women? To acquire the results, the databases of patients of the hospital České Budějovice a.s. and the hospital Na Homolce in Prague, radio-diagnostics, radiotherapy wards and ward of nuclear medicine were used. In the radio-diagnostic ward in České Budějovice and in Prague it was necessary to go through the records of all the diagnosed patients who underwent X-ray, CT and MR examination in the years 2011, 2012 and the subsequent records of data of patients with described (by physicians) occurrence of meta-static process in skeleton. There are among the necessary recorded data: age, sex, primary diagnosis, location of bone metastases and the applied examination method. In the practical part of the bachelor's thesis, these data were processed in diagrams and subsequently answers to set targets and research questions were formulated. In the radio-therapeutic wards the records of patients with indication of palliative radiation for the year 2011, 2012 were checked and in case of finding a patient radiated by palliative method due to occurrence of bone metastases the information concerning the age, sex, primary diagnosis, location of bone metastases and the applied radiation method (targeted or half-body radiation) were recorded. The acquired information was processed into diagrams in the practical part of bachelor's thesis again. Unfortunately, from the department of nuclear medicine no information about the amount of performed bone scintigraphy for metastatic process in skeleton were acquired, only information about patients treated by radio-nuclides. The answer to the research questions 1, ?whether the most frequent place of bone metastases is the part of red bone marrow with a rich blood circulation? was given already in the information about the most frequent location of bone metastases, as in the adult age, the red bone marrow occurs most frequently in the vertebra bodies, pelvis bones, breast bone, rips, flat bone of scull and long bones, where the red bone marrow occurs in the joint ends and based on my research, the metastases were located most frequently in these places. The answer to the research question 2: ?Are the bone metastases diagnosed at women more frequently?? It followed from my research that more bone metastases were diagnosed at men. Also the information leaflet for lay public was elaborated to my bachelor thesis informing of symptoms, diagnostic methods and treatment of metastatic process in bones.
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First Aid in Terrain delaing with Scalds
RYBA, Antonín
My bachelor thesis, which bears the title ?First aid for scalds on the spot?, deals with first aid in the area cited in the title of the thesis, and first-aid knowledge of medical rescue workers in the Region of South Bohemia. My research is to confirm the knowledge and procedure of medical rescue workers in administering professional first aid. The next part focuses on surveying non-professionals? knowledge about the general first aid and the methods when administering first aid for scalds. The theoretical part contains a definition and subsequently a division of first aid into separate parts. It outlines the anatomy and function of the skin. Scalds are defined into grades of damage of the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. It deals with pathological processes in the human organism in the event of scalding, and further with its prevention and cure. The practical part focuses on the knowledge of administering first aid for scalds in the crews of the Medical Rescue Service. Further, it focuses on testing the knowledge of administering first aid for scalds in the non-professional public. The research was conducted in the quantitative form of questioning.
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The experience of children with diagnosis and control of pain during hospitalization on children's wards
ZELLEROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis entitled "Experience of children in assessment and treatment of pain in hospitalization at children's departments" deals with the topic of children's pain and its treatment. The issue is the main topic of the theoretical and practical part of the thesis and both of them focus on children at their pre-school and school age. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of the issue, the psychology of a child at the pre-school and school age and also pain as such and its specifics in children. It is obvious that pain of a child is different not only in diagnostics and treatment. A child reacts differently also in experiencing pain, and also fables are often among people regarding pain that persist even these days. It is important to realize that a child is not a smaller adult, and that is why care for a child must be different. At the same time a child has to be taken as an integral human being who experiences pain and it always has to be assessed objectively according to scales and other objective methods selected according to the child's age. In this area, a big problem can be fables about children's pain that persist even in the current population. The research part of the thesis is aimed at interviews with children hospitalized at children's departments regarding their pain and also interviews with nurses. It compares information obtained from both groups of respondents and it looks for answers to questions of experiencing pain by a child, assessment by a nurse and treatment. It is apparent from the results of the research that children perceived differences in assessment and treatment of pain at home and in hospital, particularly in the change of the person that have to approach, and also in using non-pharmacological methods that are used more by mothers at home. This regards frequency and the way of pain assessment; children are not aware of regularity of assessment, they do not know the scales that the nurses mentioned as those that are used most often. Treatment of pain in hospitals is mostly pharmacological. But children do not always get the information about effect of a drug when it is administered to them. At the same time this part of the thesis looks for the possibilities and the need to create a standard for assessment and treatment of pain in children as well as the most important parts that the standards should contain. In this connection, a draft of the standard for nursing care of a child in pain was created within the thesis which makes up an appendix hereof.
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