National Repository of Grey Literature 2 records found  Search took 0.01 seconds. 
Gravitational lensing by combined continuous and discrete matter
Timko, Lukáš ; Heyrovský, David (advisor) ; Semerák, Oldřich (referee)
The aim of this work is to investigate the influence of perturbation by point mass on the caustic structure of the Navarro-Frenk-White model using the inverse ray shooting method. We specifically focus on the description of metamorphoses between different caustic topologies when changing the relative mass and position of the point. It turns out that in the combined model of discrete and continuous matter there appear some types of metamorphoses, such as elliptical umbilic, lips and probably also hyperbolic umbilic, that do not exist in purely discrete models. The main, and somewhat surprising, result of the work is the finding that even at the relative mass of the point 10-4 -10-3 the perturbation is strong enough to cause changes in the caustic structure which are in size comparable to the original caustics.
Dark matter
Vraštil, Michal ; Mészáros, Attila (advisor) ; Heyrovský, David (referee)
The dark matter constituting approximately 85% of the mass is an integral part of our universe. As many astronomical observations at different scales of space so the theoretical models show that there is more matter than we can see directly. This overview describes the major historical events and observational data from the time of Zwicky to the present leading to today's view on the dark matter. The paper further describes the cosmological implications of the presence of dark matter - its impact on the formation of structures in the universe and reflection of fluctuations in the cosmic background radiation. Here I describe possible candidates for dark matter - a small contribution of baryonic matter and the main candidates among non-baryonic matter. In addition to possible new particles explaining the missing mass I describe alternatives to the theory of gravity, which do not require any extra matter, in particular, I deal with a very successful theory of MOND. At the end I mention a brief overview of today's possibilities of direct or indirect observation of dark matter.

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