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Pastoral Care by Jan Patočka
Tesař, Tomáš ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the key question of Patocka"s thinking - care of the soul. In Patocka"s texts it represents the difference between life based on opinions accepted without critical thinking or practical decisions, called naive life, and life based on critical examining. In my opinion, this dichotomy between the two "ways of life" makes some kind of backbone of Patocka"s Plato and Socrates interpretations in his postwar lectures. The philosopher in Patocka"s texts is Socrates. He first reveals the soul as "the most inherent nature of man", that needs to be taken care of. Aware of this Patocka approaches two other great Greek philosophers - Plato and Aristotle as well as the periods of Christianity, Renaissance and Enlightenment. This on the one hand means certain degree of adoption of Socrates" "care of the soul" but on the other hand falling away from it. In the time of Renaissance and especially during Enlightenment a new spiritual style "care of the world" is being born. This leads, according to Patocka, to such kind of understanding the being, that definite abandonment of Socrates" "care of the soul" follows, and the fixed essence of man is in jeopardy. The final part of our thesis introduces Patocka"s noteworthy idea of a victim. Only being a victim brings the genuine freedom of man, who is then...
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Pastoral Care by Jan Patočka
Tesař, Tomáš ; Karfíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kranát, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on the key question of Patocka"s thinking - care of the soul. In Patocka"s texts it represents the difference between life based on opinions accepted without critical thinking or practical decisions, called naive life, and life based on critical examining. In my opinion, this dichotomy between the two "ways of life" makes some kind of backbone of Patocka"s Plato and Socrates interpretations in his postwar lectures. The philosopher in Patocka"s texts is Socrates. He first reveals the soul as "the most inherent nature of man", that needs to be taken care of. Aware of this Patocka approaches two other great Greek philosophers - Plato and Aristotle as well as the periods of Christianity, Renaissance and Enlightenment. This on the one hand means certain degree of adoption of Socrates" "care of the soul" but on the other hand falling away from it. In the time of Renaissance and especially during Enlightenment a new spiritual style "care of the world" is being born. This leads, according to Patocka, to such kind of understanding the being, that definite abandonment of Socrates" "care of the soul" follows, and the fixed essence of man is in jeopardy. The final part of our thesis introduces Patocka"s noteworthy idea of a victim. Only being a victim brings the genuine freedom of man, who is then...
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The Positivism Dispute in German Sociology. The development, main ideas and continuation
Vondráková, Renáta ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Petrusek, Miloslav (referee)
Diplomová práce Spor o pozitivismus v německé sociologii. Renáta Vondráková. 2012. Abstract The main theme of the work is the issue of positivism dispute, which is commonly referred to discussions that occurred in German sociology in the sixties. It was a debate between advocates of critical theory, which were Theodor W. Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, and the concept of critical rationalism of Karl R. Popper and Hans Albert. The discussion initially was confined to issues related to the logic of the social sciences, for many reasons, but rather applied to differences between the concepts and challenges of science from the perspective of both the above approaches. Also the description and discovery purposes and contexts that led to the overturning topic discussion are devoted to this work. The aim is to describe the external influences as widely as possible and how it affected the final understanding of the dispute, but also how well the positivism dispute turned the concepts of science in the following period. The first part is concerned with social and historical situation in which the dispute arose. Followed by an outline of key terms that in connection with a dispute likely occur, in fact it is the analysis of major issues. Emphasis is placed on a thorough description of the first two contributions to the...
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