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Impact of Different Lawn Maintenance on Terrestrial Invertebrate Biodiversity
Klán, Jan ; Říhová, Dagmar (advisor) ; Škodová, Jana (referee)
This paper focuses on differences in the composition of invertebrate communities in grasslands with different management of green space management. It was carried out on four research plots with different management types (no-till, regular treatment with a power mower, treatment with a scythe, treatment with grazing). The main objective of the work is to demonstrate, using a sample of captured spiders, centipedes, millipedes, earwigs, and leafhoppers, which form of grassland habitat management is the most appropriate in terms of biodiversity richness. Other sub-objectives were to obtain local data on the variability of soil moisture in the study plots, air humidity and temperature. These values will illustrate an idea of the habitat of the captured animals. In terms of biodiversity, the grazed habitat proved to be the richest (a total of 84 species captured). This was followed by the no-mow habitat (83 species), mowed (76) and finally mowed with a mower (74). Mowed habitat was the poorest. In all habitats, the highest number of spider species was always captured, followed by crickets, and an order of magnitude fewer millipedes, centipedes, millipedes, and starlings were captured. One species of chrysalis was captured, which is listed on the Red List of Threatened Species of the Czech Republic. This...
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Changes of vegetation composition in hilly country forests depending on the application of historical forms of management
Nechanská, Denisa ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aim of my study is to determine the influence of historical management practices on the camposition of vascular species in hilly country forests on the Vysoká stráň hill in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of my thesis describes influences of forest management on the herb diversity from different scientific studies. There is some information about the influence of herbivorous grazing, pollarding, litter raking and fire. Secondly provides a case study dealing with the influence of historical management on the vascular species composition in the forest understory. My experimental area was divided into 32 treatments, where three different ways of historical management were used - mowing of the understory vegetation, litter raking and the combination of mowing and litter raking. The fourth area was a control treatment. Change in the herb diversity depending on a time is statistically significant but changes in the herb diversity depending on different ways of historical management are statistically insignificant. We detected a distinct decline in the herb diversity during our experiment, also on the control treatments. The main gradient of vegetation points from mesophilous acidophytes to species characteristic...
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Vliv způsobu ošetřování ozelenění ve vinici na kvalitu hroznů
Guldan, Aleš
The growing and the development of the grapevine and also the quality of the grapes are depended on the a lot of the factors. One of them is the management of the greenery. The modern viticulture trends see the vineyard as one integrated ecosystem, they bring the solutions for the supporting of the constantly maintainable development of the viticulture. For the greenery is important the suitable type of the greenery, the structure of the herbaceous mix and the management of the growing too. The correct greenery brings more positives than negatives. As a key positive factors we can see the crumbled soil structure, the increasing of the content of humus in the soil, improving the physical properties of the soil, restoring self-adjusting and biochemical processes in the soil, promoting biodiversity habitat, reducing the risk of erosion and ultimately allows movement of the agriculture machines under less favorable conditions. The experiments in the area of the village Diváky, done in 2013 and in 2015, showed the influence of the method of treatment greenery on the final quality of the grapes and musts. Method of treating the greenery is not the only factor that affects the growth and development of the grapes (weather, nutrition, variety, pressure of diseases and pests). In addition, suitable greening brings the above mentioned positives, which help fight pests, creates better conditions for growth and support the natural processes on the location.
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Changes of vegetation composition in hilly country forests depending on the application of historical forms of management
Nechanská, Denisa ; Boublík, Karel (advisor) ; Frouz, Jan (referee)
The aim of my study is to determine the influence of historical management practices on the camposition of vascular species in hilly country forests on the Vysoká stráň hill in the Bohemian Karst Protected Landscape Area in the Czech Republic. My thesis is divided into two parts. The first part of my thesis describes influences of forest management on the herb diversity from different scientific studies. There is some information about the influence of herbivorous grazing, pollarding, litter raking and fire. Secondly provides a case study dealing with the influence of historical management on the vascular species composition in the forest understory. My experimental area was divided into 32 treatments, where three different ways of historical management were used - mowing of the understory vegetation, litter raking and the combination of mowing and litter raking. The fourth area was a control treatment. Change in the herb diversity depending on a time is statistically significant but changes in the herb diversity depending on different ways of historical management are statistically insignificant. We detected a distinct decline in the herb diversity during our experiment, also on the control treatments. The main gradient of vegetation points from mesophilous acidophytes to species characteristic...
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Effect of management on the diversity and establishment of plants in the Giant Mountains
Trejbalová, Lenka ; Krahulec, František (advisor) ; Březina, Stanislav (referee)
Meadows, as an integral part of the Giant Mountains, depend on regular management, without it they can get degraded. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of different types of management (mulching, mowing with or without fertilization) on change in coverage, biomass and establishment of plants. The experiment took place in years 1997-2011 on the site called Sněžné Domky in Giant Mountains on 3 sites which differ in humidity and trophy. The effect of management on vegetation change was statistically conclusive. Mulching was preffered the most by Geranium sylvaticum, mulching and fertilization was preffered especially by these species: Holcus mollis, Alopecurus pratensis and Crepis conyzifolia. Mulching and no fertilization: Achillea millefolium. Avenella flexuosa preferred particularly mowing. Mowing and fertilization was preffered by Festuca rubra, Luzula luzuloides, Anthoxanthum odoratum, Agrostis capillaris, Veronica officinalis and Hieracium lachenalii. Mowing without fertilizazion was preffered by Potentilla erecta. The effect of management on the amount of biomass appeared statistically inconclusive (except for amount of old biomass). Biomass is more correlated by the weather and the trophy of the site than the type of management. The effect of management on establishment of plant...
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Effect of different management on the production, structure and chemical composition of abovegroung biomass in the Mlýnský potok catchment.
TRUHLÁŘ, Martin
The aim of the thesis is to assess the changes in production and structure of surface biomass (the proportion of grasses, clovers and other plants) and its chemical compound in scythed and pastured grass areas in the monitored areas in the Mlýnský potok basin in years 2012 and 2014. The area is situated on the right bank of Lipno dam in Pasečná land register, 784 820 meters above sea-level. There were established three permanent sampling points in the pastured as well as scythed areas in the Mlýnský potok basin. Four samples of biomass from the area of 1 sq m were collected in each of these sampling points. These were collected on 20th June 2012, 11th September 2012, 17th June 2014 and 10th September 2014. The collected biomass was then divided into agro-botanical groups (grasses, clovers and other plants) and afterwards it was dried and weighed. The chemical analysis was conducted by a certified laboratory AGRO-LA, Ltd. in Jindřichův Hradec. The aim of the analysis was to find out the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium. By assessing the development of the overall production of the biomass in 2012 and 2014 in the sampling area we found out a considerable decline of biomass in scythed areas and an increasing difference in the average amount of biomass between scythed and pastured areas during the monitored period. These findings were assessed as statistically conclusive. By assessing the development of overall proportions of the agro-botanical groups we could see a substantial decrease in grasses and on the other hand an increase of clovers and other plants in scythed areas compared to pastured areas. The difference between the proportion of grasses and other plants proved to be statistically conclusive. By assessing the development in difference of the overall average amount of nitrogen in the biomass, there emerged a considerable increase in the amount of nitrogen regardless the way of management. As far as phosphorus is concerned, we found out a decreasing difference in its amount between scythed and pastured areas. The amount of potassium was considerably lower in scythed areas, whereas calcium showed the exact opposite. Statistically conclusive were the findings of substantial increase of nitrogen in the surface biomass and also the changes in the amount of potassium and calcium due to the management. By evaluating these outcomes we confirmed that the permanent grass areas have a very variable productive and structural potential which holds true also for their chemical compound.
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State and botanical composition of turfs on selected football playgrounds and possibilities of their improvement
BĚLÍK, Michal
The aim of my thesis was to assess the condition of the lawn at selected football pitches. At individual courses that were selected for analysis to determine the composition of the stands and was designed to measure the maintenance and improvement of grassland selected courses. The literature review includes knowledge about the history and significance of grassland. An important role is also played by the different grass species suitable for football lawns. It also includes the lawn care, which consists of proper irrigation, fertilization, mowing, etc. Finally, it plays a very significant role requirements on the football field and categorization system football pitches. The literature review will also find a brief characterization of individual pests, diseases and weeds in the lawn. To assess the pattern grass samples were taken for analysis grass species of three football pitches and a football club Spartak Pelhřimov, sports club Ústrašín and sports club Žirov. Subsequently, an analysis of individual lawns. Football clubs FK Spartak Pelhřimov and FC Žirov had the best mix of grassland. For the football field team FC Ústrašín was grassland at individual locations in worse condition, and therefore was recommended various measures, which consisted of a better fertilization, irrigation, sow empty seats etc.
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