|
|
Comparison of the health effects of Širšasana in popular science literature and in scientific studies
Vácha, Benjamin ; Křivánková, Markéta (advisor) ; Strnad, Pavel (referee)
Title: Comparison of the health effects of shirshasana in popular science literature and in scientific studies Objectives: The aim of this bachelor's thesis is to conduct a detailed analysis and compare the cited contraindications and effects of shirshasana in popular science literature and scientific studies. Methods: The bachelor's thesis utilizes the method of review and comparative analysis in available scientific studies and popular science literature. The selection of scientific articles was carried out from the PubMed database and the web search engine Google Scholar. Results: Popular science literature often presents numerous positive effects of shirshasana on the human body as a whole and on specific organ systems. However, most of these effects lack explanations or scientific evidence. Headstand contraindications are addressed in most popular science books, primarily through simple listing. The number of contraindications, like the effects of shirshasana, significantly varies among different authors. Scientific studies predominantly focus on the general effects of yoga, leaving the effects of shirshasana largely unexplained. The thesis refuted some commonly cited effects, such as increased blood flow to the brain, and highlighted the potential negative impact on the cervical spine, while...
|
|
|
Evaluation of rationality and risks of pharmacotherapyin older patients in long-term care facilities
Lukačišinová, Anna ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alušík, Štefan (referee) ; Paluch, Zoltán (referee)
Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...
|
|
|
Evaluation of rationality and risks of pharmacotherapy in older patients in long-term care facilities
Lukačišinová, Anna ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alušík, Štefan (referee) ; Paluch, Zoltán (referee)
Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...
|
|
|
Current problems in prophylaxis
LOŠÁKOVÁ, Eva
The bachelor thesis describing "Current problematics of vaccination". It is divided into two main parts. Theoretical and empirical. In the theoretical part, I describe history of vaccination, explain essential terms, like vaccination, immune system, antigen and antibody. Furthermore I write about vaccines, its composing and divisions, and how to apply or store them properly. Last but not least, there are description of myths and mistakes in vaccination and present situation in the Czech Republic. In the empirical part, main goals are to find the number of vaccinated and unvaccinated kids in chosen wards of primary children health care in South Bohemian region, also to find out main reasons, why parents do not want their children vaccinated. The research questions are described and assigned. Clarified data obtained by own research are presented. Quantitative analysis method has been chosen as the research method with non-standardized survey, that contained 20 questions, used to confirm or invalidate my hypothesis. There were 332 respondents, parents from South Bohemian region. The results in numbers have shown that out of 585 children, 96 % of them were vaccinated, and only 26 kids were not. The results of my research may be used for presenation in any form.
|
|
|
Evaluation of rationality and risks of pharmacotherapyin older patients in long-term care facilities
Lukačišinová, Anna ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alušík, Štefan (referee) ; Paluch, Zoltán (referee)
Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...
|
|
|
Evaluation of rationality and risks of pharmacotherapy in older patients in long-term care facilities
Lukačišinová, Anna ; Fialová, Daniela (advisor) ; Alušík, Štefan (referee) ; Paluch, Zoltán (referee)
Objectives Main objectives of this doctoral thesis were to review available information on pharmacological properties of benzodiazepines and their age-related changes; to evaluate the prevalence of benzodiazepine use in older patients residing in long term care facilities; to investigate the association between use of benzodiazepines and occurrence of falls in acutely hospitalized older patients; and to describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic. Methods A narrative review of literature focused on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects and association of benzodiazepines with falls in older population was conducted. The evaluation of benzodiazepine use in long term care facilities was analysed in a retrospective cross-sectional study using data from the EC 7th Framework Program SHELTER project (Service and Health in the Elderly in Long Term Care). A prospective cohort study data of acutely hospitalized patients in Australia were used to evaluate association between benzodiazepines and falls. To describe utilization of benzodiazepines in the Czech Republic, data from the State Institute for Drug Control and from databases of General Health Insurance Fund were used. This dissertation thesis is a summary of published articles from above stated works and analyses. Results...
|
|
| |
|
|
Bone densitometry
ŠÍRKOVÁ, Eliška
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) osteoporosis is defined as: "Increasing of systemic disease of skeleton. The characteristic feature is the lack of bone substance and disorders of microarchitecture of bone tissue. The result of the disorder is disposition to fractures. Earlier the disease was not diagnosed until it got to the stage of occurrence of osteoporotic fracture. Nowadays it is anticipated by means of BMD. Especially women at the age of postmenopause and older men are invited for the medical check-up. However, younger people and even children are invited too. The main indications for the BMD measurement are women who stopped a hormonal curing by using estrogen or they are at the age of postmenopause. It is also recommended for patients with increased occurence of fractures caused by small force and for patients who had a big weight loss. Last, but not least, it is good for men in their seventies, patients who are considering the pharmacological treatment and of course patients with visible effects of the treatment. The densitometry medical check-up itself, known as DEXA, is painless and non-invasive method, using which we can find comprehensive information about the amount of bone mineral in examined section of bone. The parts, where the density is measured, are the parts that are the most abraded. These are vertebrae L1 L4, distal antebrachium, proximal femur, ribs and proximal humerus. It is necessary to check BMD patients with the same apparatus and software during the each medical check-up. For the checking measurement the patients comes every year. Nevertheless, not later than after the two years after the first medical check-up. The purpose of the thesis is research including two main points: analysis of the data acquired from densitometric station of 'Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. and omparison of the data of patients with a regard to age, sex and the kind of disease. Based on the research it was found out, that division of the patients into groups according to the diagnosis is not conforming. 95% of patients are suffering from various stages of osteoporosis. Only 5% of patients have different diagnosis. Based on the data from the research it was found out that there are ten-times more women who undertook the medical check-up. It is clear, why mainly women undertake the osteoporosis medical check-up. The sudden change of metabolism of bones, mostly related to climacteric, the end of treatment using estrogen, or lactation, is difficult situation and it is very stressful for the whole organism.
|
|
|
The present of nonmalignant radiotherapy
DIBELKOVÁ, Stanislava
Non-malignant radiotherapy is medical exposure, which is done with benign disease after exhausting all other standard treatments. Its goal is relief from problems caused by benign disease, or prevents deterioration of function of the affected organ. The main difference between the radiation treatments of malignant versus non-malignant diseases is in the size of the received dose and irradiation techniques. For irradiation of malignant diseases, often approaching tissue tolerance doses, while those used in non-malignant radiation therapy are significantly lower. These results in simpler techniques of irradiation, often get by with one or two input fields. The main principle of non-malignant radiotherapy is applied as the smallest and most effective individual and total dose into the smallest possible volume of tissue, then use simple techniques (direct one field, or two opposite), if necessary, take the form of individual treatment of irradiated fields, focus the radiation beam from the body of the patient from a radiosensitive organs, using all methods of radiation protection (for example lead shielding of the testes in men, lead collar on the neck, etc.), patient age should not be less than 40 years, younger patients should be treated like this after considering the benefits relation to the possible consequences. The patient is sent to the radiotherapy on the advice of another field. Indication for radiotherapy is entirely the responsibility of the radiation oncologist. Prescriber physician recommendation states that it is a state in which all other treatment methods are exhausted or not applicable. The physician takes into account contraindications treatment, the overall condition of the patient and his age. The patient is on treatment and possible side effects informed by the doctor before starting treatment with signed informed consent to treatment. To indicate a treatment planning is necessary history and other investigations in relation to the disease. After completion of radiotherapy department of radiation oncology ensures borreliosis acute flare reaction. The department will evaluate whether the radiation prescription and treatment plan followed. The patient is a report on the treatment handed over to the care of the sending physician. In this thesis is the research question: Causes the development of therapeutic modalities reduction of treatments of nonmalignant radiotherapy? To answer this research question was obtained data from the archive and irradiation protocols of radiotherapy departments of hospitals in the České Budějovice and in the Jihlava. It was the data of non-malignant indications for radiotherapy conducted in 1979, 1980, 2012 and 2013, irradiation parameters and techniques. In the České Budějovice in 1979-1980 were treated 1471 patients and 854 patients in Jihlava. In 2012-2013, it was only 793 patients in the České Budějovice, which is 48.4% less. In the same period in Jihlava it was 413 patients which mean about 53.9% less. Techniques irradiation in both hospitals significantly differed mainly in the fractionation, the size of individual and total dose varies in the manner of filtration volume. Although the indications for non-cancer radiotherapy declining, it still has for its final effect irreplaceable role.
|
|
|
Parents´ and nurses´ attitude from the general pediatrist surgery, to obligatory and optional children vaccination.
SUCHANOVÁ, Martina
Abstract Vaccination is an important part of medical prevention, particularly as prevention of some infectious diseases. A primary care nurse checks vaccination status and informs parents on vaccination terms. She is responsible for trouble-free course of vaccination. Apart from compulsory vaccination parents may have their children vaccinated against some diseases, which is non-compulsory and paid from private funds. The practical part of the thesis is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. A questioning method, the questionnaire technique was chosen for the quantitative research, the research sample consisted of parents of children between 0 and 10 years of age. The 1st goal of the research was to map how well parents having 0-10 year old children were informed on compulsory and non-compulsory vaccination in České Budějovice. A hypothesis was set upon the chosen goal: Parents of 0-10 year old children are informed on compulsory and non-compulsory vaccination. The hypothesis was confirmed. The 2nd goal was to find out what the most frequent fears of vaccination were among parents of 0-10 year old children. The hypothesis formulated to this goal, that parents of 0-10 year old children were afraid of vaccination side effects was not confirmed. A half of the questioned parents have fears. The 3rd goal was to find whether parents were was interested in non-compulsory vaccination. The hypothesis set to this goal, that parents of 0-10 year old children are interested in non-compulsory vaccination was confirmed. The quantitative research employed a questioning method, the technique of depth interview with nurses working at paediatric surgeries in České Budějovice. The fourth goal was to map the role of a nurse in motivating parents to have their children vaccinated. A research question was based on the chosen goal: What is the role of a nurse in motivating parents to have their children vaccinated? I found from interviews with the nurses that a nurse motivates parents through information on vaccination, vaccination terms, on contradiction and adverse responses. She helps solve vaccination related problems. The bachelor thesis may improve knowledge among students, parents and nurses working at paediatric practitioner surgeries and among the public interested in vaccination.
|
guest ::
