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Performance of birds in model cognitive tasks: a cross-taxon comparison
Schlőglová, Nikola ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Kahounová, Hana (referee)
Bird cognition is an immensely complex topic. Many factors influence how birds acquire, process and act upon obtained information. Some bird groups outshine others regarding their cognitive skills, and the underlying reasons for these differences are extensively researched and discussed. Birds naturally face varying environmental factors that could have driven the evolution of specialised cognitive adaptations not generalisable across all contexts. In contrast, some birds perform well in a broad range of cognitive tasks and may possess general intelligence. Model cognitive tasks help us gain standardised data on birds' cognitive performances to compare them across different taxa, which enables us to identify potential parallels. This thesis covers selected model cognitive tasks: string-pulling tasks, reasoning by exclusion tasks, transitive inference tasks, tasks related to mirror use and reversal learning tasks, for which it analyses and compares the performance of both well-studied and understudied bird taxa. The thesis describes the selected cognitive tasks, summarises available data and highlights correlations between birds' performances and other factors while discussing possible explanations for their varying performances. Finally, the thesis addresses the question of general intelligence...
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Memory and cognitive coordination impairment in rat models of neuropsychiatric diseases
Vojtěchová, Iveta ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Syka, Josef (referee) ; Hort, Jakub (referee)
The memory and spatial navigation are extremely important brain functions for humans, but they are often the question of life and death for animals. In humans, memory can be disrupted by various neuropsychiatric disorders. The patients suffering from Alzheimer's dementia (AD) have impaired working and long-term memory, spatial navigation, higher cognitive functions and social memory. The deficit of cognitive coordination (the skill to recognize the relevancy of incoming information) and disorientation belong to the symptomatology of schizophrenia. Intelectual disability appears in some patients with autism spectrum disorder. Unfortunately, it is not possible to cure these disorders efficiently because the etiology is not known in the majority of patients. The causes leading to development of these disorders could be revealed using animal models. This thesis contributes to the characterization of the cognitive skills disruptions - as well as other behavioral alterations - in selected rat models of AD (transgenic McGill rat, non-transgenic Samaritan rat) and schizophrenia (lipopolysaccharide model of early postnatal, or prenatal, bacterial infection). The thesis also discusses the validity and limitations of these models. Our results showed a severe deficit of spatial navigation, learning and...
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