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Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass
Vařejka, Tomáš ; Elbl, Patrik (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to search for hydrothermal technologies for biomass conversion to improved energy carriers. First part includes contains introduction to biomass conversion methods and its suitability for different types of feedstock. The following part is dedicated mainly to hydrothermal conversion processes, their history, development over time, used technology, process and product characteristics and comparison with conventional thermochemical methods. Finally, the current state of technology is evaluated, possible future developments are outlined and current problems which are preventing wider application of this technology are descried.
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Thermal biomass treatment
Křepela, Petr ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this work is to provide an overview of biomass processing methods, description of final products and their practical application. Furthermore, a description of the technologies used for each method and the comparison of the efficiency. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to carry out a literature search and to produce a comprehensive set of meaningful information that is comprehensible to every reader, but does not hurt the professional public.
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Biomass for power plants in the off-grid operation
Roule, Jaroslav ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discusses the use of biomass for electricity island operation. The first chapter explains the concept of biomass and its distribution. It also shows the potential and availability of biomass. The second chapter describes the transformation of biomass into a suitable fuel form. The third to fifth chapter describes the conversion of biomass as a fuel into electrical energy through combustion, Stirling and steam engine. In these chapters there are brought the following parameters and prices of these motors and single-phase and three-phase alternators that can be connected to these engines. Other chapters describe the production of electricity in line with consumption, where the cost per hour to run engines for the various types of fuel and price of the electricity produced in kilowatt hours is calculated. In the last chapter of the thesis there is described the possibility of accumulation of electrical energy.
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Hydrothermal Conversion of Biomass
Vařejka, Tomáš ; Elbl, Patrik (referee) ; Lachman, Jakub (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to search for hydrothermal technologies for biomass conversion to improved energy carriers. First part includes contains introduction to biomass conversion methods and its suitability for different types of feedstock. The following part is dedicated mainly to hydrothermal conversion processes, their history, development over time, used technology, process and product characteristics and comparison with conventional thermochemical methods. Finally, the current state of technology is evaluated, possible future developments are outlined and current problems which are preventing wider application of this technology are descried.
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The Study of the Molecular Structure of Various Forms of Conducting Polymers using FTIR and Raman Spectroscopies
Morávková, Zuzana ; Trchová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Baumruk, Vladimír (referee) ; Matějka, Pavel (referee)
In this Thesis, the structure of thin films formed by a conducting polymer, polyaniline, was studied using mainly infrared and Raman spectroscopies. That led to the study of aniline oligomers. The oligomers play a key role in the formation of thin films and nanostructures of polyaniline. Furthermore, the Thesis deals with the carbonization of various forms of polyaniline (granular polyaniline base, thin films of polyaniline salt, multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline salt or base, polyaniline nanotubes/nanorods prepared in the presence of ethanol). The two topics, aniline oligomers and carbonization of polyaniline, are connected by a paper concerning the carbonization of microspheres formed during oxidation of aniline in alkaline medium. Optical microscopy, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, wide angle X-ray scattering and thermogravimetric analysis were used.
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Thermal biomass treatment
Křepela, Petr ; Šnajdárek, Ladislav (referee) ; Baláš, Marek (advisor)
The aim of this work is to provide an overview of biomass processing methods, description of final products and their practical application. Furthermore, a description of the technologies used for each method and the comparison of the efficiency. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to carry out a literature search and to produce a comprehensive set of meaningful information that is comprehensible to every reader, but does not hurt the professional public.
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Torrefaction of biomass for energy use
Sverkunová, Kristina ; Ivanova, Tatiana (advisor) ; Krepl, Vladimír (referee)
The Bachelor thesis is focused on torefaction of biomass for an energy use. It describes the technology including basic reactors, compares wet and dry torefaction and used materials that can be used for an agricultural waste. In the thesis I compared advantages and disadvantages of torefaction considering all hydrophobic, grindability and emission of greenhouse gasses.
Second and the important part of the thesis is the recent commercial use of biomass. Data are mainly taken from the SECTOR study, which was made in March 2016. So it can be considered as a recent data. This part is also concentrated on possibilities of faster development of this technology thanks to the commercial use. It is also explaining the importance of norms, which have not been regulated yet.
The conclusion refers to the main assets of this technology, when the usage of fossil fuels and its more ecological substitutes are discussed. I mentioned the problem of a carbon footprint is connected to a possible raise of wood materials import, that will be unavoidable in order to satisfy expected demand for year 2020.
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Biomass for power plants in the off-grid operation
Roule, Jaroslav ; Radil, Lukáš (referee) ; Baxant, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discusses the use of biomass for electricity island operation. The first chapter explains the concept of biomass and its distribution. It also shows the potential and availability of biomass. The second chapter describes the transformation of biomass into a suitable fuel form. The third to fifth chapter describes the conversion of biomass as a fuel into electrical energy through combustion, Stirling and steam engine. In these chapters there are brought the following parameters and prices of these motors and single-phase and three-phase alternators that can be connected to these engines. Other chapters describe the production of electricity in line with consumption, where the cost per hour to run engines for the various types of fuel and price of the electricity produced in kilowatt hours is calculated. In the last chapter of the thesis there is described the possibility of accumulation of electrical energy.
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