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Intenzita obchodu v EU s poľnohospodárskymi komoditami
Nekvasil, Adam
NEKVASIL, A. Intensity of trade in the EU with agricultural commodities, Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2024. The bachelor thesis focuses on the measurement of international trade intensity of agricultural commodities and their associated industries in the EU27 in 2010 and 2020. The theoretical part of the thesis summarises the basic theories of interna-tional trade and trade intensity calculation. In this part, the results of international trade intensity measurement so far are also present. In the practical part, the measurement is carried out using principles based on intra-industry trade and comparative advantage. Intra-industry trade is calculated by the Grubel-Lloyd in-dex and comparative advantages are calculated by the NRCA index. The indices are then compared at the country level and across time periods to see, which country excels in comparative advantage and intra-industry trade.
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Intenzita obchodu se strojírenskými výrobky v rámci EU
Kapoun, Michal
Kapoun, M. Intensity of trade in engineering products within the EU. Bachelor the-sis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2023. The bachelor thesis deals with the measurement of international trade intensity and comparative advantage in international flows of engineering products. The theoretical part of the thesis is devoted to the development of theories of interna-tional trade, evaluation of the development of trade in engineering products on the European market in the last 10 years and analysis of suitable indices for measuring the intensity of international trade and comparative advantage. The theoretical part concludes with a chapter on the findings of research already car-ried out by other authors. In the practical part, the G-L and NRCA indices are se-lected on the basis of the findings of the previous section and are measured with them on data from 2012, 2017 and 2022. The practical part is followed by a dis-cussion where the results are compared with those of the authors mentioned in the theoretical part of the paper.
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Impact of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition on international trade in automotive industry: Czech republic - Germany intra-industry trade
Tomo, Ján ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Vukelić, Tatjana (referee)
This paper analyzes the impact of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition in international trade with a focus on the automotive industry and trade between the Czech Republic and Germany in this sector . Because increasing returns to scale can not exist in perfect competition, they promote the differentiation of products and manufacturers attempt to differentiate their products from the others and get their share in international trade. This gives rise to intra-industry trade, where countries trade in similar goods that may differ either in quality or in completely different characteristics. These into detail analyzed theoretical bases I try to apply to a case study of mutual intra-industry trade between Czech Republic and Germany with a focus on the automotive industry, which makes up about a quarter of the Czech Republic industrial output, accounts for approximately ten percent of the gross domestic product, while exports of road vehicles represent about 17% of total exports. Germany as a major trading partner of the Czech Republic and the world's number one superpower in exports of machinery and transport equipment, imports a substantial part of the production of the Czech automotive industry and also exports its own products of the industry to the Czech Republic. This work aims to analyze...
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Economic and Geopolitical Implications of TPP and TTIP for the United States
Šálený, Václav ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Fiřtová, Magdalena (referee)
Multilateral trade negotiations within the World Trade Organization have reached a stalemate but there are new trade agreements being currently negotiated, either on bilateral or multinational basis. This thesis deals with two current major trade initiatives, the Trans-Pacific Partnership between the United States and eleven Pacific countries and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership which includes the United States and the European Union. The thesis uses a comparative analysis to assess economic as well as geopolitical implications of the two trade agreements for the United States. The most apparent geopolitical aspect is the effort of the United States to write the rules of trade for the 21st century before China does so. In regards to economic implications, the thesis works with a concept of intra-industry trade and based on it assesses the possible economic effects on the United States economy, especially in regards to productivity and transactional costs on labor market. Both of the agreements have many critics and their future is not clear. This thesis argues that in certain economic and geopolitical aspects, the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership is more beneficial and strategic for the United States.
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Impact of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition on international trade in automotive industry: Czech republic - Germany intra-industry trade
Tomo, Ján ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Vukelić, Tatjana (referee)
This paper analyzes the impact of increasing returns to scale and imperfect competition in international trade with a focus on the automotive industry and trade between the Czech Republic and Germany in this sector . Because increasing returns to scale can not exist in perfect competition, they promote the differentiation of products and manufacturers attempt to differentiate their products from the others and get their share in international trade. This gives rise to intra-industry trade, where countries trade in similar goods that may differ either in quality or in completely different characteristics. These into detail analyzed theoretical bases I try to apply to a case study of mutual intra-industry trade between Czech Republic and Germany with a focus on the automotive industry, which makes up about a quarter of the Czech Republic industrial output, accounts for approximately ten percent of the gross domestic product, while exports of road vehicles represent about 17% of total exports. Germany as a major trading partner of the Czech Republic and the world's number one superpower in exports of machinery and transport equipment, imports a substantial part of the production of the Czech automotive industry and also exports its own products of the industry to the Czech Republic. This work aims to analyze...
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Česká republika: Evropská integrace a rozvoj ve struktuře obchodu
Christensen, Tobias Ibsen ; Žamberský, Pavel (advisor) ; Taušer, Josef (referee)
Trade structure changes over time as a result of fundamental changes within the country or the world around it. This thesis will investigate the case of Czech Republic in the period from the transition period till today with the foundation in classical and neoclassical trade theory. The trade structure will be analyzed in regard to trade partners, commodity structure, relative comparative advantages and degree of intra-industry trade within an industry or sector. It will provide basis for assessing the effects of increased European integration which the Czech Republic increasingly engaged itself in with the accession to the EU in 2004.
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Intra-industry trade v rozvojových zemích
Lambert, Kristián
Lambert, K. Intra-industry trade in developing countries. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2014. The thesis is focused on the examination of intra-industry trade in developing countries as a new pattern of trade behaviour and on the process of export diversification in the context of adjustment to relative prices. The study presents the review of literature on the subject of foreign trade of developing countries and different approaches are examined based on their attitudes to the theory of relative prices. The study also provide a literature review of the modern theory of international trade - intra-industry trade (IIT) as a higher stage of development than the theory of comparative advantage. The magnitude of IIT is then measured in the context of developing countries.
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Horizontalni a vertikalni obchod v ramci odvetvi mezi novymi a stavajicimi clenskymi zememi EU - implikace pro konvergenci
Hromadová, Jana ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Nowak, Jean Jack (referee)
The main aim of this dissertation is to provide evidence on the development of bilateral trade relations related to manufacturing industry between Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Slovenia, Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia and the old Member States of the EU (EU 15/EU 25) through focus on the intra-industry trade phenomenon during the period delimited by years 1995, 1999, 2004 and 2007. Based on data from Eurostat Easy Comext database classified according to the Standard International Trade Classification (Rev.3), Grubel-Lloyd indices are computed at the level of 3-digit and 1-digit manufacturing industries (SITC 5, 6, 7, 8) and thereafter aggregate to the level of manufacturing sector as a whole (SITC 5 - 8). Consequently, Greenaway, Hine and Milner methodology is used for disentangling intra-industry trade into its horizontal and vertical components (the latter being further separated into low quality vertical intra-industry trade and high quality vertical intra-industry trade) on the basis of unit value indices. The results show that the share of intra-industry trade in total trade between the countries in focus is increasing during the complete period in all countries and all sectors with SITC 6, 7 and 8 clearly inclining to intra-industry specialization. Altogether, the predominant specialization in high quality vertical IIT is presented, implying so far only slowly advancing convergence steps of the new Member States towards the path of the initial Members of the EU.
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