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The letter of credit contract and the collection contract
Chabr, Jan ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
The letter of credit contract and the collection contract The diploma thesis deals with the topic of the Direct Debit Contract and the Letter of Credit. A Letter of Credit is a special payment instrument issued as a rule by a bank that the principal has undertaken to pay to the person in whose interest the Letter of Credit is open and designated as the authorized amount up to the amount agreed. The Direct Debit is the commitment of the collector of receivables to obtain from the third party a receipt of a sum of money or other Direct Debit. Current legislation, contained in the Civil Code, took over the legal regulation of the Letter of Credit and the Direct Debit from the Commercial Code without any major changes. Both institutes show a number of identical and different elements. From a practical point of view, it is not possible to look for serious application problems in the Letter of Credit or Direct Debit. Keywords: Letter of Credit, Direct Debit, Banking, Bank, Payment Instruments, The Collection Contract
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Increase in excise duty on ethyl alcohol in the Czech Republic and it's impact
Kozák, Jan ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Ševčíková, Michaela (referee)
Abstract The thesis analyses effects of excise duty increase, effective from 1st January 2010. The thesis concentrates on spirits, beer and wine market. Based on the Czech Statistical Bureau study of spirits market, all the significant declines of consumption took place whenever Czech government raised rates of excise duty. In comparison with selected European countries, the Czech nominal rate of excise duty of spirits is rather average. Our excise duty of beer is one of the lowest rates in Europe. When correlating GDP, unemployment rate and alcohol consumption in Czech Republic, the thesis does not prove declines in GDP cause higher alcohol consumption nor rising unemployment results in higher alcohol consumption. However, results of correlation analysis are distorted by a short period on which data are available for the Czech Republic. Data available from both Board of Customs and Ministry of Finance proved that expectation of higher national tax revenue after rise of excise duty rate has been incorrect. The national tax revenue in 2010 was by almost 1 billion CZK lower than the government expected.
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