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Infants' learning of novel segments is modulated by prosody
Chládková, Kateřina ; Podlipský, V.J. ; Nudga, Natalia ; Paillereau, Nikola ; Kynčlová, Kateřina ; Šimáčková, Š.
Young infants recognize atypical realisations of native-language speech. Later they learn words better from native-accented talkers. However, 6-month-olds preferentially listen to unfamiliar speech. We tested whether the learning of new vowels matches 6-month-olds’ listening preferences, being more effective from nonnative-accented speech. We exposed Czech six-month-olds to delexicalised utterances with consonants replaced by [f] and vowels by 405 tokens sampled from a bimodal [ɛ]-[æ] distribution, a contrast absent from Czech, and with either native or atypical rhythm. Discrimination of [ɛ]-[æ] was then tested in an alternating/non-alternating paradigm. Longer first-look duration to non-alternating than to alternating trials – indicating a learning effect – was found in infants familiarised with the novel contrast in atypical rhythm, such effect was not\ndetected after familiarisation with native rhythm. Six-month-olds thus more effectively exploit distributional information about novel vowels from non-native rhythm, which matches their previously reported preferences for listening to novel over familiar accents.
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Physiotherapy of Children with Central Coordination Disorder in Infancy
KOTOUNOVÁ, Linda
This bachelor thesis focuses on physiotherapy of children with central coordination disorder in infancy. I described the psychomotor development of a child up to the age of one year, examination of psychomotor development and neurological examination of an infant in the theoretical part of the bachelor thesis. I also dealt with the central coordination disorder, its variants, manifestations and division. There is also a brief description of cerebral palsy, in which can result severe forms of central coordination disorder. Physiotherapeutic possibilities of the central coordination disorder and other possible therapy are next part of the thesis. The second part of the bachelor thesis is the practical part. It consists of qualitative research consisting of case reports of five infants with a central coordination disorder. Case reports include an intial examination, a description of individual visits, including therapies, and an final examination. The results were assessed on the basis of examination by a trained physiotherapist PhDr. Ludmila Brůhová. The course and outcome of the therapies were evaluated in the discussion. The use of individual methods, the success of therapies and the circumstances that influenced this were considered in the disussion, too. The solved problems, goals of the work and the results of the practical part were summarized in the conclusion. This thesis could be used as inspiration for working with children with central coordination disorder in infancy.
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Physiotherapeutic influence of functional support of an infants foot
HONKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis is focused on the possibilities of physiotherapeutic influence, foot sole support in children in infancy. Three probands of infancy were involved in the research, on which qualitative research was carried out. Their examination, evaluation of the issue and management of therapy was part of the systematic physiotherapy at PhDr. Ludmila Brůhová. This work could be used as an inspiring document for therapists, as well as likes, in their work with children in infancy, in which they will find both preventive care against secondary foot defects, as well as the procedure of therapy for congenital developmental defects of the feet of children of this age.
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Career versus infant care dilemma as seen by working mothers of infants
DOBŘEMYSLOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor thesis deals with career versus infant care dilemma, as seen by working mothers of infants. Theoretical part summarises the main topics of the work according to the scholarly literature, practical part describes qualitative research. Practical part of this thesis is devoted to qualitative research, the main method of data collection is a semi structured interview. Results are described in five case reports and in the inter-case comparison afterwards. The results show, that significant reason for mother's comeback to work is her need of self-fulfilment and also need of being financially self-sufficient. Results show high ratio of involvement of grandparents in childcare, mainly grandmothers. Mothers describe first days of nonmaternal care as difficult and link it to regrets and doubt about their decision. Mothers talk about a great deal of workload not only at their jobs but also at home, fulfilling the role of the main caretakers.
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The Pikler Early Childhood Education
Noack, Dana ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
Title: The Pikler Early Childhood Education Author: Dana Noack Department: Katedra psychologie, FF UK Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Lenka Šulová, CSc. Abstract: The intention of this study was to explore how the parents who are familiar with the Piklerian principles use these in upbringing their children in the family in the period of early childhood. The theoretical part describes the process of socialization (with the emphasis on the preconditions for the early interaction both on the child's and the parent's side) as well as the topic of upbringing in the family (basic models and the relation of upbringing to the socio-cultural and the historical context) and the most important aspects of the child development in the first three years. The last chapter of the theoretical part introduces the Hungarian pediatrician Emmi Pikler, the basic pediatrist Emmi Pikler, the basic premises of her approach and it's principles related to the issue of the motor development, care and play. The empirical part presents the results of the qualitative content analysis of data gathered by a questionnaire. These data provide us with a basic picture of how the concrete parents use the Piklerian principles in upbringing their children.
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Postural therapy based on dynamic neuromuscular stabilization of children in infancy
JANOUŠKOVÁ, Veronika
This bachelor thesis deals with the topic of postural therapy with dynamic neuromuscular stabilization in infants. The proper development of the child plays an important role in his or her further development. Importantly, early control and fixing of the development may prevent various pathological states. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and the practical part. In the theoretical part, I described the psychomotor development of the child from the prenatal period to the infant age. Further, I describe pathological locomotor developmental stages. An important part of the thesis is also the diagnosis and evaluation of the motor development based on the examination of postural spontaneous activity, position responses, primitive reflexes and assessment of the muscle tone. In the next chapter of the theoretical part, the axial organ was described. At the end of the theoretical part, I discussed the possibilities of postural therapy in infants. In the practical part, I examined infants with slight deviations in psychomotor development. Subsequently, I applied a therapy, namely dynamic neuromuscular stabilization, in order to achieve the greatest possible improvement. I decided to use the DNS concept due to the fact that it allows targeting of the postural and locomotive functions. The practical part of my work was done on the basis of case studies, which contain the initial examination, the process of the therapy and the final assessment. The kinesiology summarizes anamnesis, postural activity, position responses, primitive reflexes and muscle tone. In the conclusion, the results were described and the success of the therapy was evaluated. I noticed significant improvement in each of the patients. Therefore, this work might help to expand the application of the DNS concept to such young patients as well.
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Objectification of supporting base of infants at the edge of third and fourth month via using a pressure plate Conformat - pilot study
Janoušek, David ; Jevič, Filip (advisor) ; Dyrhonová, Olga (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to contribute to discovering a method which can lead to objectification of support base of infants in prone position at the edge of third and fourth month. The motor development during first six months is described in this thesis based on literature search. Part of the thesis is dedicated to selected primitive reflexes and postural reactions. Furthermore, the work deals with objectification of support base of infants at the edge of third and fourth month. In the study were evaluated 10 infants (5 males and 5 females) with average age 14,01 ± 2,2 weeks. Distribution of support was assessed in three situations such as prone position, prone position with maximal rotation of head to the left and prone position with maximal rotation of head to the right. The results did not show significant difference in weight bearing the left and right upper extremity in prone position. However there was a significant difference in weight bearing in the upper extremities during head rotation. The upper extremity on the side of rotation was more loaded. The weight applied to the upper and lower extremities was significantly different in every evaluated situation. Upper extremities were always weighted more. Keywords Supporting base, developmental kinesiology, postural reactions, primitive...
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Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) - new knowledge
Macháčková, Eva ; Sedlak, Petr (advisor) ; Paulová, Markéta (referee)
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is currently the most common cause of children's death up to their age of one in developed countries. It is a mysterious death whilst parents put a healthy baby into the crib and find their baby dead in the morning. Therefore SIDS is also known as a "crib death". Primary aim of the work is to summarize and organize the existing knowledge about sudden infant death syndrome focusing on the latest research in this field. The thesis inquires the causes of SIDS and preventive measures that can possibly lead to reduction of SIDS risk. The work concerns the amount and complexity of changes that influence children body within his first year of life which contributes to better understanding of SIDS occurrence.
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Early Communication: The Role of Oxytocin in Sharing Emotions with Mother during the First Year of Life
Šipošová, Barbora ; Marková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Šulová, Lenka (referee)
Recent studies support the hypothesis that oxytocin plays an important role in mother-infant interactions. The aim of the present research was to investigate the connection between Maternal Affect Attunement and levels of oxytocin in mothers and infants during early mother-infant communication, and to explore the relationship between maternal and infants' oxytocin levels. Forty three mother-infant dyads participated in the present study when infants were four months. They were observed in three conditions: 1) Baseline - where no communication took place, 2) Natural Interaction between mother and infant and 3) Modified Interactions - where natural interaction between mothers and infants was disrupted in various ways. During this procedure four saliva samples from mothers and their infants were collected to determine their levels of oxytocin at different time points. To assess individual maternal interactive style Maternal Affect Attunement (Maintaining Attention, Warm Sensitivity) was coded during the Natural Interaction. Results indicated that maternal and infants' oxytocin levels were stable at the four collection points. Maternal oxytocin levels at all collection points as well as overall mean oxytocin level were negatively related to her Warm Sensitivity. Significant positive synchronized as...
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The Pikler Early Childhood Education
Noack, Dana ; Šulová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mertin, Václav (referee)
Title: The Pikler Early Childhood Education Author: Dana Noack Department: Katedra psychologie, FF UK Supervisor: Prof. PhDr. Lenka Šulová, CSc. Abstract: The intention of this study was to explore how the parents who are familiar with the Piklerian principles use these in upbringing their children in the family in the period of early childhood. The theoretical part describes the process of socialization (with the emphasis on the preconditions for the early interaction both on the child's and the parent's side) as well as the topic of upbringing in the family (basic models and the relation of upbringing to the socio-cultural and the historical context) and the most important aspects of the child development in the first three years. The last chapter of the theoretical part introduces the Hungarian pediatrician Emmi Pikler, the basic pediatrist Emmi Pikler, the basic premises of her approach and it's principles related to the issue of the motor development, care and play. The empirical part presents the results of the qualitative content analysis of data gathered by a questionnaire. These data provide us with a basic picture of how the concrete parents use the Piklerian principles in upbringing their children.
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