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Assisted reproduction in dogs
Kopecká, Iveta ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Šimoník, Ondřej (referee)
The dog is among the largest and longest man domesticated beast and holds in his life indispensable place. To preserve the species is a precondition for its ability to reproduce. To increase the success rate of reproduction contribute in recent decades and methods of assisted reproduction. Among the most common methods of assisted reproduction in dogs include artificial insemination. This can be done in several ways depending on the site deposit seed in genital tract of female (intravaginal, transcervical intrauterine, intratubular insemination). It can be carried out using native, chilled or frozen semen. Insemination process itself affects the success of pregnancy rates. Generally, that is the most successful design insemination with fresh semen intratubular. Another method is assisted reproduction in vitro oocyte fertilization and subsequent embryo transfer. The success of this method is dependent on many factors, among which include the sampling of gametes method of storage, the composition of culture media, mechanisms regulating nuclear oocyte maturation and others. It is evident that the need of further research, leading to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that control oocyte maturation and embryonic development in dogs. A relatively new method of reproductive biotechnology is somatic cell nuclear transfer into an oocyte depleted own genetic information called cloning. This technology does not achieve major success so far. Methods of assisted reproduction in dogs hinders overall physiology of the reproductive system, but also more difficult method of obtaining oocytes and embryos, and then find the appropriate recipient. The key seems to be to find a more suitable solution for long term storage of gametes. Achieving successful freezing of sperm and oocyte cryopreservation would lead to greater use of reproductive technologies. Studies on assisted reproduction in dogs are among other things contributing to overall understand of reproductive mechanisms. Acquired knowledge may enable the conservation of valuable dog genotypes in vitro.
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Biochemické parametry zony pellucidy prasečích oocytů během folikulogeneze
Vildová, Denisa
Polyspermic fertilization is one of major problems during in vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes. Zona pellucida is an extracellular matrix, that surrounds growing mammalian eggs and is responsible for polyspermy block after fertilization. Porcine zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins called ZP2, ZP3 and ZP4. This study is aimed to modifications of ZP3 protein of oocytes with different developmental competence. No significant differences were found in expression of ZP3 protein in oocytes with lower developmental competence (follicular size S), in compared to oocytes with higher developmental competence (follicular size M). However, it was found significant differences in acidification of ZP3 protein of immature oocytes removed from follicles of size S, in compared to oocytes removed from follicles of size M. Moreover, using Western blot analysis, it was detected band in area > 50 kDa, which could play an essential role during fertilization of oocytes.
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Nursing care obout women with ar assistant reproduction
HEDBÁVNÁ, Kateřina
Conception may seem to be the most trivial thing but in fact it is not true. Nowadays, about 15% couples are infertile. Human infertility is considered to be an illness according to the World Health Organisation. Current modern procedures in assisted reproduction have fundamentally changed attitudes to human infertility. Assisted reproduction is one of the most progressive and also the most popularized branches of medicine. Only women are involved in it and regardless of whether they are healthy or not they undergo physically demanding procedures and make use of all techniques available. Nursing care is essential for a woman after assisted reproduction. While taking care of such a woman, a midwife should be attentive to her needs and possible health problems. The care for women who have undergone assisted reproduction is individual and specific. The first issue I deal with in the theoretical part of my thesis is infertility. I also describe methods and techniques of assisted reproduction and I mention the ova and sperm donation, the reimbursement of assisted reproduction, the law No 227/2006 on the research of human embryos. Nursing care for a woman who has undergone assisted reproduction is covered in this part as well. The aim of the thesis was to find out if women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with nursing care in the hospital in České Budějovice, Inc. and in the hospital in Třebíč, allowance organization. The hypothesis that women who have undergone assisted reproduction are satisfied with the care was stated. The empirical part of the thesis was carried out by the quantitative research questionnaires were handed out to pregnant women who had undergone assisted reproduction and were hospitalized at risk pregnancy units in hospitals in České Budějovice, Inc. and Třebíč, allowance organization. The questionnaire was anonymous and consisted of 31 questions {--} both open and closed. The research showed that women who have undergone assisted reproduction were satisfied with nursing care. I suppose the hypothesis was confirmed. I would like this thesis to provide future midwives and infertile couples, who decided to undergo assisted reproduction, with information on this technique.
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Psychosocial problems of infertility verbaled by patients of fertility treatment ambulance.
DVOŘÁKOVÁ, Alena
Infertility is the inability to naturally conceive a child or to carry a pregnancy to full term. There are many reasons why a couple may not be able to conceive, or may not be able to conceive without medical assistance. Infertility may have profound psychological effects. Partners may become more anxious to conceive. Marital discord often develops in infertile couples, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Women trying to conceive often have clinical depression. Even couples undertaking IVF face considerable stress, especially the female partner. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) is a technique in which egg cells are fertilised by sperm outside the woman's womb. IVF is a major treatment in infertility when other methods of achieving conception have failed. The process involves hormonally controlling the ovulatory process, removing eggs from the woman's ovaries and letting sperm fertilise them in a fluid medium. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient's uterus with the intent to establish a successful pregnancy. In this study ten couples using fertility treatment were analysed. The purpose of this study was to follow and describe their problems during the treatment, troubles with partners, jobs and friends. The author tried to find a solution how to communicate with patients, how to help them to manage the treatment. The elected experimental strategy was qualitative analysis. This study could be used by stuff in centres of artificial reproduction.
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Health and social aspects of infertility and its treatment
ZAVADILOVÁ, Zuzana
Infertility is the inability to achieve a pregnancy. WHO classify infertility into two groups. Primary infertility is the term used to describe a couple that has never been able to conceive a pregnancy, after at least 1 year of unprotected intercourse. Secondary infertility describes couples who have previously been pregnant at least once, but have not been able to achieve another pregnancy. Causes of infertility include a wide range of physical as well as emotional factors. Approximately 30 - 40% of all infertility is due to a "male" factor such as retrograde ejaculation, impotence hormone deficiency, environmental pollutants, scarring from sexually transmitted disease, or decreased sperm count. A "female" factor -- scarring from sexually transmitted disease or endometriosis, ovulation dysfunction, poor nutrition, hormone imbalance, ovarian cysts, pelvic infection, tumor or transport system abnormality from the cervix through the fallopian tubes -- is responsible for 40 - 50% of infertility in couples. The remaining 10 -30% of infertility cases may be caused by contributing factors from both partners, or no cause can be identified. This dissertation has two main goals. The first goal is to describe how a couple face up to their problems with infertility. The second goal is that this dissertation can be used as a study material for social and medical employees. This dessertation is based on a qualitative research. I used a method CAMI {--} communication through the use of computer. The observational goup were people disccusing at www.neplodnost.cz.
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