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Laboratory Diagnostics of Multiple Myeloma
ČERNÝ, Jakub
The bachelor thesis on the topic Laboratory diagnostics of multiple myeloma is divided into theoretical and practical parts. In the theoretical part I introduce the hematooncological disease multiple myeloma, its laboratory diagnostics, which include biochemical, hematological, immunological, genetic and histological tests. In addition, I also present other diagnostic methods - skeletal imaging (X-ray, CT, PET/CT). I also present other pathologies that are closely related to the problem and are associated with monoclonal gammopathy. At the end of the theoretical part I briefly inform about the treatment options for this disease. For the bachelor thesis 4 objectives were set. The first aim was to summarize the laboratory testing methods currently used to diagnose MM. The second aim was to map the diagnostic procedure for the first detection of MM using a specific patient as an example. The third aim was to highlight the variability of initial findings and disease course in the form of case reports. The fourth and final aim was to use data obtained from the Institute's own department (laboratory + haematology outpatient clinic) to answer several research questions. To achieve the results of the research investigation, quantitative research methods were used by retrospective analysis of available laboratory data from LIS. Qualitative research technique of data analysis was used to write individual case reports and complete patient diagnosis. In the discussion and in the conclusion of the bachelor thesis, the results of the research questions and the evaluation of the fulfilment of the stated objectives of the thesis are summarised. Finally, the expected contribution of the bachelor thesis in current laboratory and clinical diagnosis of the disease is mentioned.
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Vliv ročního období a pořadí laktace na kvalitu mleziva holštýnských krav ve vybraném podniku
Slechanová, Marie
The topic of the bachelor's thesis was to monitor the influence of the season and the order of lactation on the quality of colostrum of Holstein cows. The bachelor thesis is divided into several parts. In the literary research, the work deals with the characteristics, meaning and composition of colostrum. The theoretical part describes the effects on the quality of colostrum or colostrum preservation. In the practical part is characterized, the company that provided the data and samples for this work. Colostrum from dairy cows in the 1st to 3rd and higher lactations during the seasons was evaluated. Density, the amount of lactose in colostrum, and the percentage of fat, protein, and lactose were measured from the evaluation indicators. The results show that the quality of colostrum increases with increasing lactation. Based on the obtained results, it is not proven that the influence of the season has a major influence on the quality of colostrum. The measured values of the indicators were higher or lower on the monitored farm in accordance with the professional literature.
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Výživa telat v období do odstavu
Sladký, David
Nowadays, the topic of calf nutrition in the weaning period is increasingly discussed. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis describes the period of colostrum, milk and starter nutrition and weaning of calves. Furthermore, an overview of the feeds used in calves during the lactation period is presented, focusing on colostrum, milk replacers, starter feeds and drinking water. In the practical part, the results of a trial of feeding dairy compound feeds from two different producers are described. 20 calves were included in the trial and divided into two groups and after the lactation period, ten of them were fed with Multimilk Vital from VVS Verměřovice and the other group with Telfid Extra from FIDES AGRO, s. All calves were monitored for weight, health, consumption of starter mixture and gains were calculated and an economic evaluation of the cost of rearing calves was carried out. No statistically significant differences were found in live weight of calves, daily gains or consumption of starter mixture throughout the experiment. At one stage of rearing, a higher incidence of diarrhoea was found in calves fed Telfid Extra. Although the final evaluation of the increments showed almost identical results, after recalculation of the economic aspect, Telfid Extra with a cost of 47.57 CZK per kg of increment was more economical than the Multimilk Vital mixture, where the cost per kg of increment in the feed used was calculated at 58.02 CZK.
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Vztahy mezi kvalitou mleziva, růstem a zdravotním stavem telat
ŠLEGLOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of calf rearing, especially in the period of colostrum and dairy nutrition. As the basis of successful cattle breeding is the breeding of calves, emphasis must be placed on their timely connection with quality colostrum. Colostrum is the first secretion of the mammary gland immediately after calving. It contains important components, especially immunoglobulins, which play an important role in the nutrition of calves, provide passive immunity of calves after birth, health and vital functions in the first ectopic period of the calf cubs. Another important aspect for successful and healthy rearing of calves is, for example, the technology of housing calves or their subsequent nutrition in individual rearing periods, which are also described in the thesis.
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Vliv kolostra na imunitní systém telete
Pilková, Kateřina
The importance of cow colostrum in the immune system of the newborn calf is well known. Insufficient or incorrect feeding of colostrum significantly participates in the morbidity and mortality of calves. That‘s why this bachelor thesis focuses on immunity and colostrum receiving. The bovine placenta is impermeable to antibodies and therefore the calf is born without developed defence. Passive immunity is obtained through colostrum from the mother. Colostrum after the birth versus normal milk contains more immunoglobulins, proteins, fats and vitamins, which nourish and protect the body of the calf. The intestinal wall is permeable to immunoglobulins only during the first 24 hours after the birth, so it is important that the calf is fed by the colostrum as fast as possible and in as large quantity as possible.
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Vztah hladiny imunoglobulinů v krvi telat k jejich pozdější mléčné užitkovosti a zdravotnímu stavu
Drozdová, Michaela
In order to analyze the relation of the level of immunoglobulins in calf blood to their later milk performace and health status, the necessary data from 495 pieces of holstein breeds were collected in 2014-2017. On the basis of the analyzes performed, it can be stated that the level of immunoglobulins in the calf blood had no conclusive effect on their later production of milk, fat and protein. In terms of health, higher blood levels of immunoglobulins were associated with a significantly lower incidence of metritis and lower incidence of mastitis (at the limit of evidence), but no significant effect on ruminant disorders. Immunoglobulin levels in calf blood were proven to be affected by the difficulty of delivery, the quality of the colostrum during the first feeding, and volume of second feeding. At the limit of proof was the influence of season and the quality of the colostrum on the second feeding. Inconclusive effects were reported by daily birth time, daily time of feeding and volume of first feeding.
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Vliv kvality mleziva na růst a zdravotní stav telat
RAJTROVÁ, Aneta
The thesis summarizes the importance of the quality of colostrum, its composition and impact on the growth and state of health of calves. Colostrum includes important substances necessary for the health of a calf. The value of overall protein in which the amount of immunoglobulins is reflected is a key indicator. It is important for the health of the calf that it receives sufficient amount of quality colostrum in time, gaining immunoglobulins necessary for the first weeks of life. Significant aspects include the quality of colostrum that we provide a calf with, the amount of colostrum consumed, technology, consistency and personnel responsibility, which reflect retrospectively during the inspection of colostrum nutrition of calves that can be carried out by several methods mentioned further. These aspects influence the state of health of calves, growth and many more indicators in the production that follows. In the work, I concentrated on these very aspects, the extent to which they interact as well as on the state of health of calves. The data that I was provided with by Ing. Barbora Šitnerová (principal livestock specialist of Agraspol Předmíř a.s.) was processed into tables and graphs from which statistically important results were learnt.
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Vliv vybraných parametrů chovatelského prostředí na množství imunoglobulinů v kravském mlezivu
Drozdová, Michaela
The aim of the work Influence of selected factors breeding environment for the amount of immunoglobulins in cow was to evaluate the effect of the various factors on the colostrum quality, particularly on the amount of immunoglobulins present in the colostrum. Data collection for the evaluation was performed during the whole year on the farm in Šumvald, which is the part of the stock company Úsovsko, with its seat in Klopina. The number of the 539 cows (including heifers), of the Holstein breed in the different lactations were involved into the observation. The density of the each evaluated sample of the colostrum was higher than 1050 g/l. During the evaluation of my observations I have realised, that the most important for the colostrum quality was the influence of the annual period and the rank of the lactation, rather less important was the influence of the numerous group of the cows, from which was the colostrum obtained and the difficulty of the birth. The time elapsed between the birth and the first milking and the daily period of the birth had the lowest importance.
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