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Potential physiological significance of thermal preconditioning
Ptáková, Alexandra ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Benák, Daniel (referee)
Short-term exposure of cells or whole body to mild hyperthermia, known as thermal pre- conditioning, is an experimental method used to provide cytoprotection against subsequent, otherwise harmful or even lethal, stress conditions. Thermal preconditioning is relatively easily feasible and could be used to prevent various health problems. The aim of this thesis is to sum- marize current knowledge about the impact of thermal preconditioning on cells and the whole organism. The possibilities of how to perform this method effectively are described here, toge- ther with the molecular mechanisms involved in the induction of cytoprotection. Some areas where thermal preconditioning could be used are also mentioned. Key words: thermal preconditioning, hyperthermia, cytoprotection, HSP, ischemia-reper- fusion injury
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Use of thermal imaging to determine the effect of ecstasy on the overheating of human organism
Kováčová, Tereza ; Svěcená, Kateřina (advisor) ; Minařík, Jakub (referee)
Basis: Ecstasy is often seen as a non-addictive substance, which can cause dehydration and dangerous overheating of the human body. Despite the fact that these side effects are often described in literature, ecstasy remains one of the most popular illegal drugs used in the dance scene. Objective: The main aim of the research was to prove the effect of ecstasy (MDMA) on human thermoregulation and on the subsequent overheating of the organism. Meanwhile we demonstrate that thermal imaging can be used to measure statistically significant differences in temperature in respondents currently under the influence of ecstasy versus sober respondents. The secondary aim was to assess the effect of the amount of used ecstasy on the resulting temperature of the organism. Methodology: Thermal quantitative data were obtained as physical measurements by thermal imager. Next to that, additional information was collected in the form of a brief structured interview with respondents. The research cohort consisted of 14 respondents of the control group who had not used any addictive substance before the measurement and 25 respondents of the study group who were currently under the influence of ecstasy (MDMA). Body temperature was measured in the face area, while a methodologically appropriate area of the inner corner...
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Will an increase in body temperature during status epilepticus in rat pups affect the extent and nature of damage to the hippocampus?
Chott, Robert ; Kubová, Hana (advisor) ; Otáhal, Jakub (referee)
Febrile seizures are epileptic seizures, arising in connection with febrile conditions in children of prechool age. In adults with epilepsy is often present a history of febrile status epilepticus, seizure whose duration is longer than 20 minutes. To study the role of febrile status epilepticus (FSE) in the development of epilepsy and neuronal damage, it is necessary to have a relevant animal models. This work is focused on the morphological analysis of the new created model of febrile status epilepticus, using a combination of short-term hyperthermia and chemical induced status epilepticus at 10 days old rats. In adulthood, the animals were examined by video/EEG monitoring, and then morphometric analysis. The aim of this study was to determine the importance of short-term hyperthermia during SE for neuropathological changes using stereological measurements of hippocampal volume.
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Temperature injures in pre-hospital emergency care
PAJURKOVÁ, Romana
The content of my bachelor thesis of the title Thermic injuries in pre-hospital urgent treatment is a brief summary of this issue theory with the performed research whose task is to confirm the knowledge of medical rescuers concerning the attitude to these injuries. The theoretical part deals with certain thermal shocks ? hypertermiae, burns, hypothermiae and frostbites. In each of these conditions a simple pathophysiology, its division, symptoms, possible risks, lay (non-expert) first aid and special pre-hospital urgent treatment are described. The technique of content analyses of expert monographies as well as magazines in the electronic form were used at work with literature. The practical part deals with the research and the intention to determine the level of rescuers´ knowledge concerning this issue from the point of view of pathophysiological thermic injuries and ways of their tratment in the pre-hospital urgent care. To verify the hypotheses, the method of quantitative research was used. Data acquisition was realized through the method of questioning in an anonymous questionnaire, distributed to regional centres of health rescue service in Moravian-Silesian region. Out of the total number of 100 distributed questionnaires, 82 returned, the rate of return thus equalled 82 %. The research outcomes are stated in this thesis in form of graphs with percentage results. The hypotheses which were set at the beginning of the reserach have been confirmed. Practical skils as well as theoretical knowledge of Moravian-Silesian region rescuers respond in a high rate to expert literary sources and attitudes. Of course, even incorrect answers have appeared, however their amount has not exceeded 50 % in any of the questions. Despite this, I would like to publicize my thesis content, for example, on the Internet pages with the intention of a brief and clear acquaintance with this issue so that it could serve as a kind of instruction in case of little ignorance. Even we, paramedical workers, are only humans and make mistakes at times. Therefore I think it is important to know where to find help in case we are not completely sure.
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Technical intensity and time demandigness of a nursing care while using different techniques of cooling during a controlled hypothermia therapy from the view of a nurse
GALUŠKOVÁ, Soňa
ABSTRACT: My thesis deals with therapeutic hypothermia and associated methods of cooling. Focus is given to technical and time demands of the methods in terms of reaching the target body temperature and nursing care complexity. The first theoretical part gives a brief introduction to history of hypothermia and the first existent records of the technique. Another chapter is focused on the current use of induced hypothermia, medical fields in which induced hypothermia is used both in the local or overall controlled hypothermia. Physiology and pathophysiology of thermoregulation in humans is described. More details are given on classification of hypothermia and hyperthermia. Changes in the organism during shifts in body temperature and their causes, positive and negative effects of temperature changes on the organism are discussed. Another chapter covers the issue of controlled hypothermia, its definition, positive treatment effects, negative effects on the organism and methods of cooling. External and internal methods as well as nursing procedure while the methods are applied are described in detail. The final chapter of the theoretical part of my thesis summarizes comprehensive nursing care for patients with controlled hypothermia. The objective of my thesis was to evaluate the utilization of therapeutic hypothermia in intensive care units, assessment of technical and time demands of cooling methods for comprehensive nursing care from the view of a nurse, and to find the optimal combination of cooling methods to achieve the desired core body temperature as soon as possible and to maintain the temperature. The first assumption was that therapeutic hypothermia utilization would be influenced by the patients structure on the wards. The second hypothesis was that utilization of physical cooling methods and more technically and time demanding methods such as coolgard and extracorporeal circulation would be more time consuming for nurses. The method of quantitative research, the questionnaire method, was chosen to comply with objectives of the thesis. The questionnaire contained open questions with the possibility of more responses, closed questions and one semi-closed question. The following nursing staff members were addressed: diploma nurses, registered nurses, specialized nurses working in intensive care units and resuscitation departments of four different hospitals. The research was conducted in 2009. In the concluding part of my thesis results of my work are shown in the graphic form. Discussions with literary sources on the use and application of therapeutic hypothermia are brought in. A large proportion is devoted to practical experience with cooling methods, which are compared with the results of the questionnaire. The results of my theses may be used to make the comprehensive nursing care for patients with therapeutic hypothermia more effective, with increased comfort for patients in intensive care units and resuscitation departments .
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Abuse of ecstasy in South Bohemia region and possibilities of prevention
POLÁK, Robert
Ecstasy, MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymetamfetamin) is a synthetic, psychoactive substance, chemically similar to stimulant methamphetamine and hallucinogenic mescaline. MDMA is active primarily on neurons in the brain. For the communication with other neurons, neurons are using serotonin. Serotonin system plays a significant role in regulation of mood, aggressiveness, sleep and pain sensitivity. In high dosage MDMA disturbs the ability of the body to regulate body temperature. This may lead to fast increase in body temperature (hyperthermia). Ecstasy is generally considered to be a rather safe drug, although a number of physical as well as psychiatrical consecutive health problems have occurred. Specific mechanisms of MDMA toxicity have still not been fully clarified; however, it is obvious that these cannot be attributed only to MDMA over dosage or the use of impure tablets (i.e. e. toxicity cannot be ascribed plainly to admixture in tablets).
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