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Nosocomial Infections on Intensive Care Units
Zavřelová, Martina ; Lutovský, Roman (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
The aim of this thesis is summarising the issue of hospital related infections on intensive care units in district hospitals. This issue is greatly underestimated. The background section discusses the different types of healthcare acquired infection, where they are most commonly found and the most common types. They use statistical data to confirm these points. Within this section risk factors and preventive measures are also discussed. The researchers use a questionnaire to assess the intensive care units staff's knowledge of the procedures to prevent a healthcare acquired infection. The data is expressed using tables and graphs to aid clarity. The results of research reveal, that the staff all downgrade the prevalence and prevention of hospital acquired infections. Key words: Healthcare acquired infections / Nosocomial disease Prevention of hospital related diseases Hand hygiene Intensive care
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Vulvar diseases
Černovská, Eliška ; Turyna, Radovan (advisor)
The theme of my thesis Diseases of the vulva, I chose based on several years of his interest in gynecology and themes associated with that field. Although the vulva is a place that gynecologist for examination by viewing easy accessibility as one of the first, there is no diagnosis of disease in this area does not simple and requires interdisciplinary cooperation. vulva is not only the gateway to the internal genitals, but also a place where meet medical fields, especially gynecology, dermatology and pathology. View of dermatology and gynecology at some disease of the vulva was often different, as well as evaluation severity of disease classification and therapy. Simply words, the gynecologist is usually devoted to lesions that were considered to be precancerous or malignant nature attention to his dermatologist benign dermatózám. The these uncertainties, there were problems, how to evaluate some of the lesions in wider scale. Fortunately there was a unification of terminology when International Society for the Study of vulvar disease (ISSVD - International Society for the Study of vulvar Disease) uniform classification system published by some of the termsgoverning 1) . Interdisciplinary collaboration, a unified classification and availability "Evidence-based" information is, in my opinion, step in the...
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Problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities
KRAUSE, Martin
The diploma thesis deals with problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. The thesis is a theoretical one; it has been processed by means of review and synthesis. In this thesis, four objectives were set, namely to create a comprehensive overview of the problems of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities. Other objectives were to map and analyze clinically relevant sites of transmission and possibilities of prevention of healthcare-associated infection in selected nursing activities and to propose recommendations for the prevention of these infections. The thesis is divided into several chapters that deal with the characteristics of healthcare-associated infection, focusing on the causative agents, formation, spreading and prevention. It also deals with particular nursing activities. The first chosen activity was the care of medical devices intended for repeated use, with a particular focus on the implementation of their disinfection. Secondly, hand sanitation as a basic factor affecting the transmission of healthcare-associated infection activity was selected. This chapter deals primarily with the hygienic hand disinfection, its indications, methods and implementation of disinfection products. It also deals with strategies for improving hand hygiene and glove use in providing nursing care. As the third nursing activity, aseptic techniques, which are an essential part in providing nursing care, were chosen. The thesis describes three specific clinical nursing procedures: aseptic collection of venous blood from a peripheral vein, preparation and administration of a drug into an existing peripheral venous catheter, and uncomplicated (aseptic) wounds dressing. Processing of the thesis was based on a range of relevant sources from the Czech Republic but also from abroad. It also contains various recommendations of national and international institutions. The thesis can serve as a basis for more effective prevention of healthcare-associated infection in certain areas.
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Health protection depending on prevention of nosocomial infections in Hospital Prachatice a.s.
BIBOROVÁ, Emília
This diploma thesis is focused on the prevention and monitoring of healthcare-associated infections at the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. The main objective was to describe current situation in the field of prevention of nosocomial infections in this hospital. I focused on verification of medical personnel knowledge of nosocomial infections, the work of cleaners and the quality of hand hygiene of medical personnel. Diploma thesis is focused on the 4 selected departments of the hospital department of internal medicine, gynecology-obstetric department, surgical department and ARO and ICU. Thesis is divided into theoretical and practical part. The present knowledge about the healthcare-associated infections are processed in the theoretical part. To obtain all needed information was used domestic and foreign professional literature. The practical part was about the observation and the short research in the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. The research part was combined. The qualitative method including short interviews with the cleaners was combined with a quantitative method. Within this quantitative method have been used short questionnaires, which were intended for nurses. With these questionnaires I tried to find out their basic knowledge about nosocomial diseases and how they prevent them. The microbiological department of the Hospital Prachatice, a.s. was helpful in monitoring the quality of hand hygiene through method of microbiological fingerprinting. The questionnaires were handed out to nurses which worked on shift in that time on four mentioned departments of hospital. I return total 32 questionnaires back. Questionnaire had 11 questions and my plan was find out the basic knowledge of nurses about the issue. Interviews were conducted with cleaners working on focused departments where the research took place. The microbial fingerprints of hands were collected from medical staff on current work shift including doctors and cleaners. The fingerprints were made on blood agar where after 24-hours of incubation the colonies of bacteria were evaluated. None of the fingerprints was completely negative. I determined totaly 4 research questions: 1. Are all workers of selected hospital departments well informed about nosocomial diseases? 2. What is the hygiene quality of hands among medical staff? 3. On what hygienic level is job of cleaners how often they are cleaning, which way and how often they are changing the working equipment and are the all hygiene criterions followed? 4. How is manipulated with laundry? The results of the questionnaires was surprised for me because most of the medical personnel correctly answered all the asked questions. It was found a total 16 kinds of gram+ and gram microorganisms during a hand hygiene by microbial fingerprints. Most occurred findings was Staphylococcus epidermidis and Microccocus species. In two cases occurred a epidemiologically significant Staphylococcus aureus, which in both cases was found among cleaners. From my observation, investigation and interviews with cleaners I can infer that the work they are doing, they do really conscientiously and normally the health regulations are not violated. Further was found that the manipulation with laundry in Hospital Prachatice, a.s. is in accordance with the hygiene requirements for medical devices. What is important is the effective education of personnel in the prevention of infections and supervision of compliance of mandated procedures.
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Issues of Students' Awareness of Bachelor and Master Fields of Health Education at the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Budejovice: Issue of Nosocomial Infections
VAVŘINOVÁ, Petra
Thesis deals with ?the issue of awareness of nosocomial infections from undergraduate students of Bachelor and Master degree from Health education field at the University of South Bohemia in the Czech Budejovice.? This is very timely topic as nosocomial infections are a global economic and clinical problem not only for the present time but also for the future. Thesis is divided into two parts. Details of nosocomial infections, epidemic processes, agents of these infections, hand hygiene, prevention, health education, healthy lifestyle, immunity and support options for immune system are described in the theoretical part. The practical part describes the research problem, formulates hypothesis and shows statistical methods for research. The aim of this thesis was to find out the awareness of nosocomial infections from students of Bachelor and Master degree of VKZ at JU in the Czech Budejovice. Further I tried to compare this knowledge with respect to the age, education and field in which they act. I am trying to find out the possible way of prevention, personal protection against nosocomial infections moreover subjective perception of information related to this problem from respondents. I used the basic way of collecting data for achievement the given aim such as questionnaire in the aim group. There were used basic statistical methods suitable for analysis of categorical data. These results are illustrated in pie chart and bar chart for better interpretation. Test of the main hypothesis and working hypotheses are statistically made by 2 ? test. There was used Fisher factorial test in case there would be break prerequisite for correct usage of the previous test. The results of these tests are interpreted on the base of , with 95 % of reliability. I set this hypothesis in my thesis: ? Better knowledge will have students whose high school education was connected with the problems of health care. ? The result shows better knowledge for these students than for students from other high school however this difference was not statistically important. From all tests was found out that all students know the right definition of nosocomial infection however they have significantly less information related to the prevention against nosocomial infection. This thesis should give us food for thought about this problem and should change the attention to the health and the health of others and the possibility of further education.
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Antibacterial gels and their effectivity
Horáček, Pavel ; Vítová, Eva (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
The Bachelor thesis focuses on the evaluation of the effectiveness of disinfectants and antibacterial hand gels, which are a good complement to personal hygiene and other factors to prevent various diseases, transmitted through the hands. A brief description of skin structure, classification of microflora on the hands, including a list of potential pathogenic microorganisms located on human skin and causing many diseases can be found in the theoretical part of this work. Content of the experimental part of this work was determination the effectiveness of tested antibacterial agents by indirect determination of the number of microorganisms on naturally contaminated hands by the cultivation method. Experimental part of this work evaluates the characteristics of the tested products by potential users in the form of sociological research.
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Nursing Care of Patients with Infectious Complications after Total Hip or Knee Endoprosthetic Replacement Nursing Care of Patients with Infectious Complications after Total Hip or Knee Endoprosthetic Replacement
BREJŠKOVÁ, Soňa
Infectious complications belong to the most serious problems after endoprosthesis implantation. Their solution is very demanding for its surgical and psychological aspects with regard to its devastating effects and uncertain prognosis. The percentage of infections complications fluctuates between 0.5 and 2 % nowadays. From nurse?s point of view the care about these patients is very demanding and has its exactly defined specifics. The aim of the thesis was 1: To map the knowledge of the causes of occurrence of infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint among nurses. 2: To map the knowledge on nursing care of patients with infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint among nurses. 3: To examine adherence to aseptic procedures in caring about patients with infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint. Three research questions were set to reach the goals: 1. What is the extent of knowledge of the causes of occurrence of infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint among nurses? 2. What is the knowledge of specific care of patients with infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint among nurses? 3. What is the extent of knowledge of specific needs of patients with infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint among nurses? 4. To what extent nurses adhere to aseptic procedures in caring about patients with infectious complications after TEP of hip or knee joint? Qualitative research was applied to elaboration of the thesis. Semi-structured interviews and involved observation were the data collection methods and techniques. The research was performed at the infectious disease department of the České Budějovice Hospital. The survey was anonymous, the interviews and observation were conducted from 1 to 25 February 2013 . The research has shown that nurses know the causes of infectious complications occurrence after TEP. It is also obvious that nurses are aware of the specifics of nursing care about these patients and they also have theoretical knowledge of the needs. However the analysis of the replies has revealed that nurses have problems with applying some nursing procedures, namely becauseof partial ignorance, uncertainty and impossibility to try some procedures. The results have also shown that all the nurses try to saturate physical needs of patients but not all of them are able to saturate patients? physical needs as they mentioned in their replies and as we could observe. These are particularly drawbacks in communication in the field of motivation, mental support and self care support. We have also found that most of the nurses adhere to aseptic procedures in nursing care of patients with infectious complications after TEP, but the results have also revealed weak points. More than a half of the nurses of the monitored sample fail to perform hygienic disinfection in compliance with the standardized technique and a third of them do not disinfect their hands even before the act. We have found further drawbacks particularly in handling sterile and biological material. The research results have shown that despite lack of information and experience the nurses proved their general knowledge of care about these patients in their replies. However there is still a lot to learn, both theoretically and practically. This thesis was written to bring basic outline of the issue of infectious complications after total endoprosthetic replacement so as it can be used as information material for both, experienced or starting nurses that are in contact with patients with infectious complications after TEP. A multidisciplinary seminar aimed at the issues of infectious complications after total hip or knee endoprosthetic replacement (see Annex 12) is the practical output of the bachelor thesis
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The care of a sickbed as a nursing problem.
PŘÍHONSKÁ, Lucie
Taking care of beds is part of nurses{\crq} everyday work. The way a bed looks influences the patient{\crq}s physical and mental state. Care of the bed involves its arrangement, exchanging used bed-linen and especially disinfection, which prevents the transfer of nosocomial infections. The objectives of the thesis was to survey the way nurses take care of beds, identify obstacles associated with the care of beds, and propose a basis for creating a standard care of beds. 3 research questions were set. Research question 1: How does the length of patients{\crq} stay on the bed depend on the frequency of its disinfection in practice? Research question 2: Do nurses consider the care of beds from the point of view of the work schedule or the patient{\crq}s comfort? Research question 3: What are the most frequent obstacles in the care of beds? The research was conducted by means of a structured observation, followed by a follow-up recording in the record sheet. An anonymous questioning was conducted to obtain results. 8 nurses present in the department took part in the observation and questioning in the course of research investigation. The research set consisted of nurses in the subsequent care of the CTM Hospital a.s. in Humpolec. The investigation results let us set hypotheses. Hypothesis 1: The overall disinfection of the bed is done after the patient is discharged from the hospital. Hypothesis 2: Nurses take care of beds according to work schedule. Hypothesis 3: An obstacle in the arrangement of the bed is the lack of clean bed-linen. The investigation results may be provided to the management of the department in which the investigation was conducted. They may result in an improvement of the care of beds. A proposal of the nursing standard of the care of beds was drawn up as the result of this investigation. This proposal may serve for unifying the care of beds in individual departments. Setting principles and the overall procedure in the care of beds.
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