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Optical spectrometer designing
Dohnal, Marek ; Křivák, Petr (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
This project focuses the problems of projection and design of optical instruments being instrumental to determination of elements in various material compounds. There are described here the structures of fundamental optical instruments and their possible variants, one of which has been chosen and further entered into details. The work specifically refers to an optical spectrometer, which by its nature, ranges the bands both of visible and near-infrared radiation. The work presents basic principles of particular parts, which the existent instrument can consist of, the advantages and disadvantages brought by the single parts. For specifically proposed configuration, intentionally set in such a way it uses state-of-the art measurement methods obtaining the best possible measurement results, the work analyzes in details the method of operation and solves numerically the theoretical assumptions for correct operation of the spectrometer. A constituent of the project is an experimental measurement testifying, with certain errors, to the theoretical solutions. The measurement errors that could result from chosen arrangement and chosen measurement method are numerically expressed in a separate sub-chapter. Further various calibration methods are mentioned, based on which the calibration method used during the experimental measurement was selected. The last part of project is focused on circumferential design of the optical spectrometer, where series of suitable circumferential elements was scrutinized. For basic elements there are presented their parameters and possible troubles related to the implementation. Furthermore the realisation of project was carried out and the spectrometer was assembled with the parts available in laboratory. The results were elaborated with a computer programme created specially for this application and then compared to a professional spectrometer.
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Stanovení mechanických vlastností konstrukčního lepeného hranolu z bukového dřeva
Kománek, Martin
The aim of this thesis is to experimentally assess the wood of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) with regard to the possibilities of its use in the building industry. For this purpose, were made test samples in the form of solid and glued beams measuring 100 x 100 x 1000 mm. Half of the beams were soaked for thirty days in the water for w highter than MH, the other half was conditioned for long time under conditions equilibrium wood moisture stabilized at a humidity of = 12 %. The wooden beams were subjected to a symmetrical 3-point and 4-point bending test according to ČSN EN 408+A1 (2012). Examine mechanical characteristic were a strength limit of a bending, an elasticity modulus of the bending and a shear elastic modulus determined also from the bending test. According to our experiment, the shear moduli of elasticity with high scatter values and therefore statistically insignificant. Flexural modulus values were obtained for massive with w = 12%, 7 858 MPa, for massive with w highter than MH prisms 3 724 MPa, for prisms glued with polyurethane adhesive Lear D4 with w = 12%, 7 693 MPa and for prisms bonded with phenol formaldehyde adhesive Lignofen G/3/D with w = 12%, 7 853 MPa. The strength of the beams were delivered for massive with w = 12%, 79 MPa, for massive w highter than MH, 41 MPa, for beams glued with polyurethane adhesives Lear D4 with w = 12%, 83 MPa and for bonded phenol formaldehyde glue with w = 12%, 73 MPa. The above values were influenced by many factors such as density, moisture, wood defects, or the quality of prisms gluing.
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Optimalizace geometrie a materiálové skladby dřevěné lahve pro uchování a zrání alkoholu
Stefek, Ondřej
The thesis is focused on production of a wooden oak bottle determined for conservation and alcohol aging. Parallelly to the research, that tries to discover the most convenient way of production, the problems which come into existence during completing of wooden bottle are solved. There was put emphasis on corresponding wood properties and choice of woody plant, alcohol influence on wood, just as right charring process inside of the wooden bottle. The wooden bottles were made of fresh wood, glued wood, thermally modified wood and natural dried wood. Comparison of these wooden bottles was made, just as focus on details of a bottom and a neck of the bottle where the biggest danger of leak is supposed. The unconventional experiment with drying of prism 110 x 110 mm was made. This way could speed up and simplify possible production. These methods were compared with traditional oak barrel production as well as with present wooden bottle producers. The explanation of using the wooden bottle is also a part the thesis.
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Návrh roubené dřevostavby rodinného domu
Hrdina, Matouš
Bachelor thesis is focused on massive timbered building. The aim of thesis was to worked out a design of building with timbered construction system. Object is for four-member family and for year-round habitation. The investor and land are not known. This project is only preliminary design. In this thesis is described a construction system with others construction compositions. For perimeter structures, respectively for single elements of it, was done assessment in terms of thermal-technical parameters. With one chosen contruction was created dispozition solution for family house. The thesis is supplyed with drawing documentation within the scope of permits, basic description of building and construction details.
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Understanding of formulas for areas and volumes of geometric figures in the history of mathematics and in pupils
Tavačová, Adela ; Kvasz, Ladislav (advisor) ; Vondrová, Naďa (referee)
Title: Understanding Area and Volume Formulae of Geometric Figures in the History of Mathematics and by Pupils Author: Bc. Adela Tavačová Supervisor: prof. RNDr. Ladislav Kvasz, DSc. The aim of this thesis is to describe the nature and possible causes of problematic areas in pupils' understanding of area and volume of geometric shapes and solids and treat this issue from the point of view of its ontogeny and phylogeny. Modern theories of gradual formation of the concepts of area and volume in pupils' minds will be characterized, together with the historical development of these concepts (from ancient Egypt and Greece to modern day). Complex analysis of the current Mathematics course books for primary and lower-secondary level is offered in the second part of the thesis. The analysis is based on the criteria following from the study of academic literature and on the historic research in this area. The aim of the analysis is to describe the way in which the course books treat geometric formulae and to what extent they respect their gradual development. In the final discussion, general aspects leading from the analysis will be summarized and offered as possible inspiration for pupils, teachers and future teachers of Mathematics. Key Words: formula, area, volume, algebraic language, hypothetical...
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Intersection of solids
Otrubová, Anna ; Hromadová, Jana (advisor) ; Šarounová, Alena (referee)
The four chapters of this diploma thesis introduce a survey of the basic intersection types of solids, the focus being placed on the intersection of two pyramid and prisma solids, acting as a counterweight to most textbooks' interest in intersection of curved surfaces. The first chapter provides a detailed, wide-ranging insight into the issue of the solid and line intersection. The conclusion part of the thesis provides the reader with a brief commentary on the used literature. The work is supplemented with figures and example solutions. In the appendix part are found pre-drawn assignments. The enclosed CD contains complementary materials such as step by step solutions and 3D models created in the GeoGebra software along with drawn problems found especially in upper secondary school geometry textbooks and curriculum.
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Worksheets for teaching Geometry in the 7th grade of elementary school
NĚMCOVÁ, Věra
Bachelor work is composed from worksheets, which are divided into five main themes: consistency, center symmetry, quadrilateral, triangle and trapezoid and prism. Each chapter is subdivided by sub-topics. Each sub-topics contains a theoretical worksheet, a exercise worksheet and test. At the end of each chapter is included a summary exercise worksheet and summary test of the themes.
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Optical spectrometer designing
Dohnal, Marek ; Křivák, Petr (referee) ; Hudcová, Lucie (advisor)
This project focuses the problems of projection and design of optical instruments being instrumental to determination of elements in various material compounds. There are described here the structures of fundamental optical instruments and their possible variants, one of which has been chosen and further entered into details. The work specifically refers to an optical spectrometer, which by its nature, ranges the bands both of visible and near-infrared radiation. The work presents basic principles of particular parts, which the existent instrument can consist of, the advantages and disadvantages brought by the single parts. For specifically proposed configuration, intentionally set in such a way it uses state-of-the art measurement methods obtaining the best possible measurement results, the work analyzes in details the method of operation and solves numerically the theoretical assumptions for correct operation of the spectrometer. A constituent of the project is an experimental measurement testifying, with certain errors, to the theoretical solutions. The measurement errors that could result from chosen arrangement and chosen measurement method are numerically expressed in a separate sub-chapter. Further various calibration methods are mentioned, based on which the calibration method used during the experimental measurement was selected. The last part of project is focused on circumferential design of the optical spectrometer, where series of suitable circumferential elements was scrutinized. For basic elements there are presented their parameters and possible troubles related to the implementation. Furthermore the realisation of project was carried out and the spectrometer was assembled with the parts available in laboratory. The results were elaborated with a computer programme created specially for this application and then compared to a professional spectrometer.
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Zkoušení pevnosti spoje lamelovaných hranolů pro výrobu oken
Hála, Marek
The first part of the diploma thesis deals with modern glued lamellar prisms for the production of windows, doors and their combination. The procedure of the euro balks production is the essential part of the work. Furthermore, the thesis focuses on the characterization of the wood modification, above all thermally modified wood which is currently used in practice. Moreover, at the present new modified material known as the wood treated by acetylation (Accoya). The practical part deals with the assessment of the bonded lamellar prisms' quality and rigidity. Next examination is devoted to two types of glue (PVAC, PUR).The prisms with two directions of the fibres in the middle layer were tested. The timber from the tangential and semi-radial direction was used for the middle layers. The conclusion if the produced prisms meet the requirements and satisfy the quality class for the window and door production, is included in the discussion.
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