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Potenciál selekčního šlechtění při zvyšování užitkovosti kapra obecného (Cyprinus carpio): přehledová studie
DANIEL, Jindřich
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to develop a review study on selective breeding and its potential in common carp farming, but also in other important fish species. As carp market prices have been low and rising only slowly for a long time and, on the other hand, the cost of carp production is increasing significantly, there is a need to increase the overall sustainability and profitability of carp farming. One of the options for sustainable breeding is selective breeding. This paper describes the most commonly used breeding methods, selection methods and their application. In addition, the most important performance traits suitable for breeding programmes not only for carp but also for other important fish species. This work also covers the basic concepts of quantitative genetics, which are important for understanding the general principles of selection as a tool for genetic improvement of performance traits. The last part of this bachelor thesis concerns carp breeding in the Czech Republic and the possibilities of using selection programmes in the conditions of the Czech fishery with the use of measures to shorten the generation interval with the aim of long-term sustainability of carp selection. For the elaboration of the thesis, domestic and foreign scientific studies from multidisciplinary databases (Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) and books and methodologies from the production of FROV JU were used. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the possibilities of selective breeding in carp and other fish species and can serve as a basis for further studies dealing with this issue.
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Genetic factors in the etiology of sleep disorders
Dvořáková, Markéta ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Červená, Kateřina (referee)
Sleep disorders are a group of disorders affecting a considerable part of proportion of the human population. Their aetiology is usually very complex and includes environmental and genetic factors. The nature of these disorders is often multifactorial. Sleep medicine and the field of synthesis of its findings with those of modern or classical genetics still offer quite a huge possibilities of research. However, despite many unresponsed questions, it is now possible to summarise the identified confirmed or suspected genes whose mutations are involved in the causes of these disorders. It is possible to estimate the heritability of certain disorders based on their multiple occurrence in families, presence in twins or prevalence in the population across different ethnics. This bachelor thesis focuses on genetic aspects in the etiology of sleep disorders, their heritability, the strength of the genetic component, and genetic links between some of the disorders.
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Influence of biological relatedness on human palatal form and shape
Vilímková, Eva ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Borský, Jiří (referee)
This diploma theses deals with the effect of biological relatedness on the morphology of the human palate. So far, the effect of heredity on the morphology of the palate has been studied mainly in connection with clefts, there are not many studies dealing with the morphology of a healthy palate. Within this work, two goals were set. The first was to evaluate the variability of the palatal morphology of biologically related individuals compared to the variability of the palatal morphology of unrelated individuals. The second goal was to evaluate the effect of biological relatedness on palatal morphology. The material for this theses were two samples - a sample of biologically related individuals and a sample of unrelated individuals as a control group. The genealogically documented sample consists of 65 plaster casts of the upper jaw of mutually related individuals of the Czech population. This sample includes 33 men and 32 women. The average age in the sample is 37,65 years. The sample of unrelated individuals includes 52 virtual 3D models of a hard palate. This sample consists of 23 men and 29 women. The average age in this sample is 19,27 years. This theses combines methods of geometric morphometrics and linear regression models. The plaster casts of the upper jaws were first scanned with a 3D...
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Hodnocení hybridního potomstva meruněk s očekávanou resistencí vůči viru šarky švestek (PPV)
Kelečeniová, Daniela
This thesis was aimed at selected hybrid offspring of crossing 'Betinka' x 'Harlayne' convert pomological evaluation fruits as determined by the methodology. Evaluate the heritability and correlation of characters between parents and offspring. The evaluation was conducted in the month of July, 2013 in the hybrid orchard at the Institute of Fruit on Horticultural Faculty in Lednice. Samples were taken at harvest maturity and were pomologic evaluated in the laboratory. The evaluation was observed some interesting hybrids. Hybrids H998 11/39 with a weight of fruit 50,3 g and H998 11/157 with a weight of fruit 48,9 g, which had very good taste. Neither one hybrid was observed symptoms of infection plum pox virus PPV. The highest heritability achieve the characters: the refractometric dry matter in %, separability pulp and fertility of hybrids. The highest correlation dependence of the parental varieties and hybrid exhibited the characteristics: attractiveness and weight of ftuits, weight of fruit and weight of the stone. The assessment is transferred in one year.
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A potency of heritability demonstration in a classroom aquarium longterm experiment
ZAHRADNÍKOVÁ, Milena
The bachelor thesis is focused on a heritability of a development rate in a semiaquatic bug Microvelia reticulata (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) as a model species of an aquatic organism. The main aim of this study was to estimate the heritability and evaluate if such experiment can be proceeded in a school conditions. A nested full-sib / half-sib design was used for the experiment. This setting is based on an analysis of several offspring of a unique mother and a father shared among several groups of siblings. The final estimate of a heritability is low (h2 = -0.03; SE = 0.25), offspring thus do not share a development rate with their parents. This long-term experiment is not appropriate for school conditions because of an extreme daily-care demands and unpersuasive results.
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