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Assessment of a peristaltic pump tubing life used in medicine
Nováková, Karolína ; Burša, Jiří (referee) ; Jagoš, Jiří (advisor)
This bachelor thesis’s theoretical part deals with description of cardiopulmonary bypass and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and their differences. Furthermore, the thesis’s theoretical part compares peristaltic pump and centrifugal pump and describes peristaltic pump’s principle, influence of peristaltic pump on the patient’s blood, tensions in the tubing and materials used for the tubing, number of rollers of peristaltic pump and tubing occlusion, including degree of occlusion, methods of occlusion setting and influence of occlusion angle. Independent chapter is dedicated to norms about peristaltic pumps with focus on reliability of peristaltic pump and its components. Another independent chapter summarizes actual state of tubing lifespan research. In thesis’s practical part, draft of tubing lifespan testing depending on the degree of occlusion and draft and execution of guaranteed tubing lifespan is described. Draft of component keeping tubing in working space is also described in thesis’s practical part.
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Vortex pump as a possible heart replacement
Coufalík, Martin ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Klas, Roman (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
The diploma thesis deals with the issue of artificial hearts and ventricular assist devices. The theoretical part describes the heart and its function. Blood is characterized in terms of rheological behavior and the possible criteria for hemolysis are discussed. The following section describes the most commonly used ventricular assist devices, with emphasis on the use of the regenerative pump, including its components. In the practical part, an experimental analysis of two pumps (COV 43 and COV 23) is performed. Furthermore, non-dimensional characteristics of the pumps are constructed using the laws of similarity. In the computational part, the CFD analysis of the regenerative pump is performed by means of stationary and transient calculation. The results are compared with the experimental findings and based on the results, the impeller of regenerative pump was modified.
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A study of the vortex flow structures in heart compensation devices
Dokoupil, Michael ; Habán, Vladimír (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
This master thesis is focused on study and description of flow in heart assistance devices. The aim was to evaluate the state of art for cardiac supports, selection of one device concept and improve the existing pump model. The types of heart replacements were evaluated in the research part of this work. Based on the research, an axial intraventricular pump was chosen for the simulation. The flow simulation was performed using computational fluid modeling. During the evaluation, special emphasis was placed on the description of vortex structures typical for cardiac support and analysis of hemolysis caused by the device.After selecting the optimization parameters, a design of a pump model was improved, which met the set optimization goals, especially the increase in efficiency and decrease of shear stresses. Towards the end of the work there was a discussion about the evaluation of hemolysis and vortex structures. In the end, particular possibilities for further improvement of the optimized pump were presented.
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The influence of benzoic acids (metabolites of flavonoids) on the copper-triggered Fenton reaction and hemolysis
Harčárová, Patrícia ; Lomozová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Karlíčková, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosis and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Patrícia Harčárová Supervisor: Zuzana Lomozová, MSc., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Effect of benzoic acids (flavonoid metabolites) on copper catalyzed Fenton reaction and hemolysis Keywords: flavonoids, benzoic acids, copper, Fenton reaction, hemolysis Copper is a biogenic trace element that is present in several enzymes and proteins in the human body. The ability of copper to change its oxidation state is essential for its biological functions and enables enzymatic redox reactions in the organism. Homeostasis of copper is strictly regulated in the human body as its disruption can lead to the toxic effects of copper. Flavonoids are secondary plant metabolites that are a common part of our diet and their consumption has positive effects on our bodies. However, under certain conditions, they can also have a pro-oxidative effect, which is related to their ability to reduce transition metal ions. Flavonoids are massively metabolized in the human body before reaching systemic circulation into small phenolic substances including benzoic acids. Seven benzoic acid derivatives were tested as part of this thesis. Their influence on the production of hydroxyl radicals arising during the...
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A study of the vortex flow structures in heart compensation devices
Dokoupil, Michael ; Habán, Vladimír (referee) ; Fialová, Simona (advisor)
This master thesis is focused on study and description of flow in heart assistance devices. The aim was to evaluate the state of art for cardiac supports, selection of one device concept and improve the existing pump model. The types of heart replacements were evaluated in the research part of this work. Based on the research, an axial intraventricular pump was chosen for the simulation. The flow simulation was performed using computational fluid modeling. During the evaluation, special emphasis was placed on the description of vortex structures typical for cardiac support and analysis of hemolysis caused by the device.After selecting the optimization parameters, a design of a pump model was improved, which met the set optimization goals, especially the increase in efficiency and decrease of shear stresses. Towards the end of the work there was a discussion about the evaluation of hemolysis and vortex structures. In the end, particular possibilities for further improvement of the optimized pump were presented.
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Specific features of streptomycetes isolated from human tissues
Kodatová, Anežka ; Petříčková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on activities of the bacterial genus Streptomyces in relations to plants, animals and human. Many cases of their symbiotic relationships with plants are known, but there is also a common plant pathogen S. scabies. As a primary soil bacteria, their association with animals is infrequent, but not exceptional. Symbiotic relationships have been observed for example in several insect species. Streptomyces have been repeatedly isolated from the human microbiome, however only a little information about their influence on human body is available. Due to the wide production of secondary metabolites affecting other microorganisms, their role can be assumed as significant. The relationship between human Streptomyces and human could have a parallel in the Streptomyces symbiosis with plants and insects, but it can also have certain effects on pathogenesis. The ability of beta haemolysis was demonstrated in tested strains. In addition, there are cases of serious diseases caused by Streptomyces. Next to the relatively common actinomycosis in the regions of Sudan and India, diseases such as pneumonia or abscess were reported.
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Haemolysis and other biochemical evaluations of vacuum-assisted venous drainage in cardiac surgery
Škorpil, Jiří ; Tošovský, Jan (advisor) ; Lonský, Vladimír (referee) ; Semrád, Michal (referee)
Haemolysis and other biochemical evaluations of vacuum-assisted venous drainage in cardiac surgery Aims of the study: Vacuum-assisted venous drainage (VAVD) improves the quality of venous return in procedures using extracorporeal circulation systems (ECC). Nevertheless, there is not an evidence that such high negative pressure applied to ECC in combination with selective bicaval cannulation due to open heart surgery cause a trauma to blood elements and deteriorates organ function. A prospective randomised study was designed to demonstrate that negative pressure of -20 mm Hg to -80 mm Hg does not cause a significant haemolysis and organ deterioration in such procedures. Materials and methods: 85 consecutive patients undergoing combined cardiac surgery procedure with two separate venous cannulas were randomised in three groups A, B and C. VAVD with negative pressure of -20 to -45 mm Hg was applied to 28 patients in group A and negative pressure of -45 mm Hg to -80 mmHg was applied to 28 patients in group B. There was zero negative pressure applied to 29 patients in group C. Six blood samples were taken from each patient and examinated for haemolysis and other indicators of organ deterioration such as hemoblobin, platelet count, free hemoglobin, aptoglobin, lactate-dehydrogenase, aspartate-amino-transferase,...
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Colonization of human lung by non-pathogenic streptomycetes
Herbrík, Andrej ; Petříčková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
Streptomycetes, primary soil saprophytic microorganisms are at the center of interest in many research groups, mainly because of their ability to produce a wide range of biologically active substances useful in medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. The marginal, and little explored areas are the interactions that streptomycetes create with humans. Recent metagenomic studies have shown that streptomycetes colonize the skin, the respiratory and possibly the urogenital tract of humans. In addition to apparent pathogens such as S. somaliensis and S. sudanensis, the clinical impact of these streptomycetes on human health is unknown. For this reason, a unique collection of non-pathogenic streptomycetes isolated from human clinical specimens was developed. The isolates were collected by the National Reference Laboratory for Pathogenic Actinomycetes in Trutnov, Czech Republic. On the basis of pilot studies, an isolate labeled TR42 was selected from the Trutnov collection, showing a very broad spectrum of biological activities. This strain was isolated from sputum from a patient with unknown respiratory diagnosis. The TR42 strain exhibits considerable biotechnological potential and after following a thorough study, it could be a source of new biologically active substances with pharmaceutically...
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Specific features of streptomycetes isolated from human tissues
Kodatová, Anežka ; Petříčková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Zikánová, Blanka (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on activities of the bacterial genus Streptomyces in relations to plants, animals and human. Many cases of their symbiotic relationships with plants are known, but there is also a common plant pathogen S. scabies. As a primary soil bacteria, their association with animals is infrequent, but not exceptional. Symbiotic relationships have been observed for example in several insect species. Streptomyces have been repeatedly isolated from the human microbiome, however only a little information about their influence on human body is available. Due to the wide production of secondary metabolites affecting other microorganisms, their role can be assumed as significant. The relationship between human Streptomyces and human could have a parallel in the Streptomyces symbiosis with plants and insects, but it can also have certain effects on pathogenesis. The ability of beta haemolysis was demonstrated in tested strains. In addition, there are cases of serious diseases caused by Streptomyces. Next to the relatively common actinomycosis in the regions of Sudan and India, diseases such as pneumonia or abscess were reported.
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Characterization of antiobiotic activity of nonpathogenic streptomyces isolated from human tissue.
ŽLÁBKOVÁ, Zuzana
The bachelor thesis is focused on characterization of ten strains of streptomycetes isolated from human clinical samples. Streptomycetes are soil bacteria known for their production of secondary metabolites with characteristic antibiotic, antihelmitic, anti-cancerous and antiviral effects. The objective of my work is to characterise microbiologically the antibacterial and antifungal action of these circa ten taxonomically classified isolates on strains of typical human pathogens from the group of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeast and fungi.
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