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Temporarily excluded whole blood donors at the collection center of the Hematology-Transfusion Department in Jihlava Hospital
CAHOVÁ, Barbora
This bachelor thesis is focused on the topic of Temporarily excluded whole blood donors at the collection center of the Hematology and Transfusion Department in the Jihlava Hospital. The theoretical part of the work generally deals with blood donation according to applicable regulations and recommendations. This section describes the criteria for donation, the course of blood donation, self-exclusion, the production of transfusion products, the donor registry, the valuation of blood donors and the risks associated with donation. The methodology of the work included measuring the blood count of donors. At the collection center in Jihlava, the result of the blood count is one of the donor's pre-collection examinations. The blood count of donors is measured on a Sysmex XN 1000 analyzer. The values of hemoglobin, leukocytes and platelets are especially important. The main goal of the bachelor thesis was to find out the reasons for the temporary exclusion of whole blood donors at the collection center in Jihlava. The practical part was developed on the basis of data from the information systems HEMO and TIS. The reasons for the temporary exclusion were evaluated for the period 2000-2020. Another goal of the work was to find out how donors are informed at the collection center. Part of the practical part was a questionnaire for blood donors, which served to verify the most common reasons for temporary exclusion. The second part of the questionnaire was about the awareness and satisfaction of donors at the collection center. According to the results of the work, donors are most often temporarily excluded due to low levels of hemoglobin (red dye). It is also obvious that women are more often excluded than men. According to the donors, the awareness at the collection center in Jihlava is very good, which follows from the results of the questionnaire. In some cases, the increased awareness can contribute to reducing the number of temporarily rejected blood donors.
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Heart rate measurement using pulse oximetry on unconventional parts of the human body
Varmužová, Zdeňka ; Mrnka, Michal (referee) ; Cupal, Miroslav (advisor)
This study deals with the method of measuring heart rate using pulse oximetry. It describes the basic principles of this method for determining both heart rate and blood oxygenation. It examines the possibilities of placing the sensor on non-standard places of the human body. It also discusses the possible shortcomings of the method as well as the inaccuracies of measurements in certain places on the body and the possibilities of mounting the sensor and the use of the product in ordinary life. Later it presents the design for the heart rate measuring device used on the selected body part, that is forehead, and compares it with commercialy available products.
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Oxidative and carbonyl stress in kidney diseases
Kratochvílová, Markéta ; Tesař, Vladimír (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee)
Aims: 1. Determination of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products) in patients with various types of nephropathy. 2. Association AGEs with nutritional parameters and anemia. 3. Influence of renal parameters on sRAGE (soluble form of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products) levels. 4. Technics and proceeding methods of the podocytes cultivation. 5. Determination of urine podocytes. Methods: We determined fluorescent AGEs by spectrofluorometry, sRAGE by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Podocytes were passaged and identified immunocytochemically. Podocytes in urine were specified by flow cytometry method. Results: 1. We did not find significant differences in AGEs serum levels among various types of nephropathy, even though the pathogenesis differs. 2. The albumin and prealbumin levels positively and haemoglobin levels negatively correlate with AGEs in patients with CKD grade 1-5, without necessity of dialysis. 3. Serum sRAGE levels are increased in patients with decreased renal function independently on the course of renal disease. 4. We implemented the methods and technics of podocyte cultivation. 5. Urine podocytes observation and confirmation that podocyturia relates to disease activity. Conclusion: We confirmed that AGEs serum levels depend more on renal function than the type of...
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Relation between the reperfusion of pulmonary arteries after an acute pulmonary embolism to the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension.
Mrózek, Jan ; Jansa, Pavel (advisor) ; Maxová, Hana (referee) ; Hutyra, Martin (referee)
Relation between the reperfusion of pulmonary arteries after acute pulmonary embolism to the development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension Incomplete resolution of thromboemboli following acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a key factor in development of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). In our study, we evaluated the incidence, risk factors and clinical impact of incomplete reperfusion after acute PE. Study population and methods: 85 patients after the first acute PE were assessed clinically and by pulmonary scintigraphy and echocardiography at month 6, 12 and 24 after an acute PE. Results: Incomplete reperfusion was detected in 23.5 % of patients after 6 months, in 24.9 % of patients after 12 months and in 18.6 % of patients after 24 months. At month 6, patients with incomplete reperfusion were more obese when compared with patients with normal reperfusion BMI 30.8 vs 28.3 kg/m2 ; p=0.012) and their initial hemoglobin levels were higher (143.0 vs 136.0 g/l; p=0.012). Similar results were observed at month 12 - patients with residual perfusion defects were more obese (BMI 31.1 vs 28.5; p=0.016) with higher initial hemoglobin levels (144.0 vs 136.0; p=0.007). Patients with incomplete reperfusion at month 24 were significantly older (67.7 vs 55.0 years; p=0.02), their...
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Glycated hemoglobin: one of the indicators of compensation Diabetes mellitus
Vondráčková, Helena ; Raisová Stuchlíková, Lucie (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
Diabetes mellitus belongs to the chronic civilization diseases with increasing inter-incidence. This Disease is connected with numerous complications that increase patients mortality and morbidity. The aim of the cure is to compensate and delay the development of especially late complications of diabetes. The bachelor thesis is focused on glycated hemoglobin, which is currently considered the primary method in evaluation of the diabetes mellitus compensation. The theoretical part is focused on basic characteristics and associated complications with the attention paid to the evaluation of the disease compensation. The practical part is focused on methods of determination of glycated hemoglobin, relations among the patients' levels of glycated hemoglobin, average blood glucose and BMI. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, glycated hemoglobin, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy.
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Oxidative and carbonyl stress in kidney diseases
Kratochvílová, Markéta ; Tesař, Vladimír (advisor) ; Průša, Richard (referee) ; Zadražil, Josef (referee)
Aims: 1. Determination of AGEs (Advanced Glycation End products) in patients with various types of nephropathy. 2. Association AGEs with nutritional parameters and anemia. 3. Influence of renal parameters on sRAGE (soluble form of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products) levels. 4. Technics and proceeding methods of the podocytes cultivation. 5. Determination of urine podocytes. Methods: We determined fluorescent AGEs by spectrofluorometry, sRAGE by Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA). Podocytes were passaged and identified immunocytochemically. Podocytes in urine were specified by flow cytometry method. Results: 1. We did not find significant differences in AGEs serum levels among various types of nephropathy, even though the pathogenesis differs. 2. The albumin and prealbumin levels positively and haemoglobin levels negatively correlate with AGEs in patients with CKD grade 1-5, without necessity of dialysis. 3. Serum sRAGE levels are increased in patients with decreased renal function independently on the course of renal disease. 4. We implemented the methods and technics of podocyte cultivation. 5. Urine podocytes observation and confirmation that podocyturia relates to disease activity. Conclusion: We confirmed that AGEs serum levels depend more on renal function than the type of...
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Structural and functional analysis of cathepsin B1 from the blood fluke, Schistosoma mansoni
Jílková, Adéla ; Mareš, Michael (advisor) ; Obšil, Tomáš (referee) ; Mikeš, Libor (referee)
Schistosomiasis is a serious infectious disease that afflicts over 200 million people in tropical and subtropical regions. It is caused by Schistosoma blood flukes that live in human blood vessels and obtain nutrients from host hemoglobin, which is degraded by digestive proteases. Current therapy relies on a single drug and concern over resistance necessitates new drug development. In Schistosoma mansoni, cathepsin B1 (SmCB1) is a critical digestive protease that is a target molecule for therapeutic interventions. This thesis provides a comprehensive characterization of SmCB1 focused on structure-activity relationships and inhibitory regulation based on six crystal structures solved for SmCB1 molecular forms and complexes. SmCB1 is biosynthesized as an inactive zymogen in which the N-terminal propeptide operates as a natural intra-molecular inhibitor by blocking the active site. Detailed biochemical and structural analyses have identified a new and, so far, unique mechanism of SmCB1 zymogen activation through which the propeptide is proteolytically removed and the regulatory role of glycosaminoglycans in this process has been described. A study of SmCB1 proteolytic activity has revealed that the enzyme acts in two modes, as endopeptidase and exopeptidase, which makes it an efficient tool for host...
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Reasons of discarding blood donors at transfusion department of Hospital České Budějovice a.s.
KRÁLOVÁ, Michaela
The topic of thesis are reasons for discarding blood donors. The aim of this thesis is to evaluace the amount of discarded blood donors and the reasons for elimination in 2015 and 2016, further implementation of pre-sampling and post-sampling tests in the Blood Bank Department of the Hospital ČB, Ltd. In the theoretical part I attend to important events in the history of transfusion medicine. Next I deal with criteria for receiving blood donors, evaluation of the blood donors and ways, amounts and frequency of blood collections. The important part of my thesis are the reasons for discarding blood donors, which are divided into temporary and permanent. There are registers, in which these donors are registered. In the methodological part I attend to pre-sampling and post-sampling tests, which are performed in the Blood Bank Department of the Hospital ČB, Ltd. At pre-sampling laboratory measurement of hemoglobin amount on HemoCue 201+ is performed. For new blood donors the blood group orientation is examined on the slide. Donors plasma, platelets or in case of chylozity blood at the last sample hematokrit is examined. Further examination post-sampling test, which are include tests of infectious markers and imunohematology. For examination infectious markers are of service analyzer Architect, tests make on this analyzer are: Ab anti HCV, Ag and Ab HIV, Ab against Treponema pallidum and HBsAg. Immunohematology tests are examination with a dispenser Qasar and imagine analyzer Duet Reader. These two devices are jointly involved in the testing of AB0 blood group and RhD, screening of irregular anti-erythrocyte antibodies and examination of a group of Rh Kell. In 2015 there were 15 048 blood donors and 360 women and 306 men were discarded. In 2016 there were 15 788 blood donors and 286 women and 211 men were discarded. The most blood donors were discarded because of unsufficient amount of hemoglobin.
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Blood count changes in chronic ill patients and their laboratory processing
VÁVROVÁ, Michala
In my bachelor´s thesis I deal with anaemia of chronic disease (ACD), which is the sekond most common anaemia after anaemia from iron deficiency and usually it accompanies chronic inflammatory, infectious or even autoimmune diseases. I describe anaemia in general terms, because it´s a very common disease, in the theoretical part. I also deal with disorders of iron metabolism and it is correct functioning in the organism, diagnosis, causes, treatment and new therapeutic approaches of ACD. I devote a particular attention to patients, who have anaemia of chronic kidney disease. It is one of the most common diseases, which anaemia accompanies and in the last decade it has been the subject of intense study. I devote to analysis data in the practical part. At first, I investigated the blood cell counts of 30 patients with ACD using the hematology analyzer CELL-DYN Ruby in the laboratory STAFILA, spol. s. r. o. České Budějovice for the period June 2016 to April 2017. Next I dealt with cell blood count with parameters: the number of erythrocytes (RBC), the amount of hemoglobin (HGB), a medium volume (MCV) and distribution width of erythrocytes (RDW), because they are associated with ACD. I observed that ACD is most found at the patients in the age group over 70 years, which included mostly women and according to the calculated average age of both sexes, the disease appears a little earlier at woman. Almost all patients had low levels of RBC and HGB. I´ve identified the severity of anaemia according to HGB levels. Most patients had mild anaemia and the least patients severe one. I observed according to the average values of Hb for each age category. I observed that the value of Hb decreases with increasing age. The majority of patients had according to the value of MCV normocytic anaemia and according to the value of RDW heterogeneous population of erythrocytes more occured more at the men. I compared my results with the studies and comfirmed that it really is ACD.
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Hemoglobinopathy (carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin)
LEDVOŇOVÁ, Hana
This bachelor thesis is focused on analytical measurements of haemoglobinopathy in the laboratory at University Hospital in Pilsen - department of clinical biochemistry, where for the determination of hemoglobin and oxygen parameters the acid-base analyzer ABL 800 FLEX is used. The haemoglobin and its function and oxygen binding to haemoglobin, haemoglobin formation and decay is described in the theoretical part. The author also mentioned the amount of haemoglobin, functional and fractional saturation, described the transport of oxygen and saturation curve and dealt with the individual pathological haemoglobins as well. The author dealt with laboratory determination of carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin and functional and fractional saturation in the practical part. Information was obtained from the acid-base devices, and then compared among themselves. As a biological material the blood of 140 patients was used. The parameters were measured in the common laboratory conditions on the acid-base analyzer when there was a request of the doctor. Carboxyhaemoglobin was proved only in one sample and maethemoglobin wasn´t observed at all. Other samples had results in physiological value. Graphically, the author recorded a pathological haemoglobins relationship with carboxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin with pathological haemoglobins. For saving lives measuring of oxygen parameters is now required, because some individuals may be intoxicated. It is associated with various causes, even though haemoglobinopathy does not occur so often.
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