|
|
Use of pollution indices for evaluation of soil contamination
Čmelíková, Dorota ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis focuses on heavy metal contamination of soil and the use of pollution indices for its evaluation. Two regions were selected for assessment and comparison. The chosen heavy metals were mercury, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. These heavy metals were analysed in 15 samples from Kyjov nad 15 samples from Ostrava. Methods of analysis were AMA-254 and FAAS. The established concentrations were used to calculate pollution indices and for health risk assessment. Pollution in Kyjov was assessed as low to medium without any health risks. Ostrava region was assessed as moderately to highly polluted with a low health risk, especially for children.
|
|
|
Environmental contamination of mining areas and the possibilities of their phytoremediation
Pecina, Václav ; Pospíšilová, Ľubica (referee) ; Pavlů,, Lenka (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
Environmental pollution with heavy metals is a global problem escalating in areas with mining. The search for solutions to this problem has been the subject of research for the past decades. This work is conceived as a set of four case studies focused on environmental pollution of mining areas and phytoremediation of polluted soils. The conclusions of all four studies are discussed in the context of the situation in Mongolia, where the investigation of this issue is at an initial stage. The results of the environmental pollution investigation in the mining areas showed (I) the unsuitability of the transformation of the mining-processing plant and the adjacent heap in Příbram into a forest park due to the persistent heavy pollution of the soil with the heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb and Zn) causing potential health risks for visitors and inhibition of the tree seedlings even after the implementation of the reclamation project and (II) the low level of soil pollution of the mining areas in Mongolia with no expected risks to the local population. The results of the phytoremediation studies confirmed the potential of Lupinus luteus L. and Festuca rubra L. in combination with specific additives (mainly biochar from willow chips, poultry feather ash and chalcedonite, respectively) for aided phytostabilization of soils polluted with Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Zn, and Cr(VI), respectively, and thus the potential for use in phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils in mining areas. Regarding uncontrolled grazing in Mongolia, phytostabilization of heaps and making them inaccessible is necessary to reduce the risks of spreading contamination and intoxication not only of livestock. A promising species for phytoremediation in Mongolia may be Larix sibirica Ledeb.; a suitable type of mining waste management aided phytostabilization focusing on the use of potentially available manure and wood chips. Future research should implement experiments with identified plant species and additives and find other suitable local species capable of creating a continuous vegetation cover.
|
|
|
Use of pollution indices for evaluation of soil contamination
Čmelíková, Dorota ; Pavlovský, Jiří (referee) ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (advisor)
This thesis focuses on heavy metal contamination of soil and the use of pollution indices for its evaluation. Two regions were selected for assessment and comparison. The chosen heavy metals were mercury, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. These heavy metals were analysed in 15 samples from Kyjov nad 15 samples from Ostrava. Methods of analysis were AMA-254 and FAAS. The established concentrations were used to calculate pollution indices and for health risk assessment. Pollution in Kyjov was assessed as low to medium without any health risks. Ostrava region was assessed as moderately to highly polluted with a low health risk, especially for children.
|
|
|
Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale
Rychlíková, Eva ; Šrám, Radim (advisor) ; Bartoňová, Alena (referee) ; Holcátová, Ivana (referee)
Epidemiology analysis of the effect of air pollution on health at regional scale MUDr. Eva Rychlíková ABSTRACT Work involves a health impact assessment of the air pollution of aerosol particles at the some important steps. It describes evidence on air pollution exposure in vulnerable groups of population and searches for the effects. An exposure is a component of causal chains of diseases coming from external origin. And just because it is the main condition. If there is no exposure, there is no health risk. For a possibility to prevent disease we need to know an exposure. We investigated exposure with an activity questionaire in the three groups of population whose would be to the environmental factors, mainly air pollution, vulnerable. The personal exposure was monitored in a group of children. In preparing the questionnaire, we respect the recommendation of US EPA and WHO. Sensitivity is determined by the properties of the organism, specific period of its evolution, lifestyle and behaviour, the circumstances under which exposure to pollution occurs. We evaluated the effects on health which included short-time mortality, long-time mortality and respiratory morbidity in children.The air pollution and its development were evaluated in the Ustecky Region, Region of Prague and Moravskoslezsky region. The...
|
|
|
Risk assessment, prevention and health support at a workplace of a selected plant in the Olomouc administrative region
SVOBODOVÁ, Klára
The objective of this work was to assess the health risk of local muscular stress of the upper limbs associated with the operator's job at a workplace of a selected plant in the Olomouc administrative region and to propose adequate provisions. Three research questions were asked: (i) "Are the permitted levels, set as percent fractions of the maximum load, complied with in the operator's job?" (ii) "Are the hygiene limits regarding the numbers of movements complied with in the operator's job?" (iii) "Which preventive actions are suitable to counteract the risk of local muscular stress during machinery assembling work?" This research was conceived as qualitative investigation. The group examined comprised employees at the position of operator at a workplace of a selected plant in the Olomouc administrative region. The research work comprised data collection by using the method of direct, non-participating and overt observation, and study of professional literature, applicable legislation and test protocols and reports. I processed the results of measurement and compared them with the hygienic limits laid down by Government Decree No. 361/2007 Coll. (as amended). Based on the assessment of the data obtained, I classed the operator's job as Category 3 with respect to the local muscular stress factor examined, based on the criteria set by Regulation No. 432/2003 Coll. (as amended). Based on the risk assessment and categorization of labour I proposed appropriate preventive measures to mitigate the effect of local muscular stress during the operators' work. I set up a simple questionnaire asking for a subjective assessment of the locomotive system stress during work as a tool for a more comprehensive assessment of the operators' local muscular stress. Based on the research I formulated the following hypothesis: "In view of the increasing trend of incidence of occupational diseases of the limbs due to overload, and taking into account the appreciable social and economic impacts of such diseases, more attention should be devoted to a systematic search, assessment and evaluation of the local muscular stress factor risk during work."
|
guest ::
