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Elements of Propaganda in the Image of the Chernobyl Disaster in Czechoslovak Press
Vladyka, Tomáš ; Suk, Pavel (advisor) ; Cebe, Jan (referee)
On 26 April 1986, the worst nuclear accident in human history took place at Chernobyl in Ukraine. In addition to the massive loss of human lifes (it is estimated that hundreds of thousands of people died indirectly as a result of radiation), the accident had devastating effects on nature far and wide. In the first part of my thesis, I use literature to describe the reality of how the accident actually occurred and what its consequences were. Then, through an analysis of articles in the Czechoslovak press of the time (Rudé právo - the central daily of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia; Týdeník aktualit - published in Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Novosti Press Agency), I present a comprehensive picture of how the Chernobyl accident was presented to Czechoslovak readers in comparison with reality. The depiction of the accident is also examined in contemporary Czechoslovak television coverage. In order to compare the depiction of the accident in the West, I further analyze articles in The New York Times. Part of the thesis also focuses on an examination of the archival holdings of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia to refute or confirm the hypothesis that there is evidence of instructions to journalists on how they should write about the crash.
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Major industrial accidents in the Czech Republic - accident analysis of LPG
Maťa, Jakub ; MBA, Petr Bulíček, (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
The first part of diploma thesis focuses on the characteristics of LPG accidents, their prevention, evaluation and manifestations, the understanding of which is a key prerequisite for statistical evaluation. Next, attention is paid to the characteristics of LPG, which is complemented by safety and identification of the substance and a survey of LPG storage together with protection and safety zones. The main part of the thesis describes individual LPG accidents in the Czech Republic between 2003 and 2022, which are evaluated by the ESIA method and the ISAAC causal model. Finally, a statistical evaluation and a proposal for a correctional measure together with its economic evaluation is made.
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Severe accidents of third generation pressurized water reactors
Nečas, Karel ; Foral, Štěpán (referee) ; Černý, Tomáš (advisor)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the development of global nuclear energy. It clearly describes the development and division of nuclear facilities used for electricity production. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the division of nuclear facilities according to the development generations, the types are discussed in terms of technology and principle of operation. The operating conditions of nuclear reactors are described in detail, with emphasis on emergency conditions. The next part of the thesis focuses on the LOCA accident type for third generation pressurized water reactors. This thesis also includes an analysis of different approaches od the computation codes used for modelling various conditions of the nuclear power plants. The practical part of the bachelor thesis describes nuclear reactor APR1400. It provides its elementary parameters. The calculation code MELCOR was used for modelling this type of the nuclear reactor. The sensitivity analysis of the severe accident was performed using selected parameters. This analysis describes the influence of these parameters on the hydrogen production, the process of damaging of the active zone, and the reactor vessel melting time.
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Otravy ryb kyanidy - přehledová studie
ŠVECOVÁ, Tereza
The objective of this bachelor thesis was to provide a comprehensive review of published data on the toxicity and mechanism of action of cyanides in fish and on emergency conditions caused by cyanide spills into the aquatic environment. Cyanides are present in simple form such as CN- and HCN. They also occur in complexes and organic forms. Cyanides form complexes with metals. The cyanocomplexes of cadmium and zinc are the most toxic. Conversely, cyanocomplexes with gold are the least toxic. The organic forms include nitriles, cyanogenic glycosides and cyanohydrins. Sources of cyanides are natural and anthropogenic. Anthropogenic sources are the most important sources of cyanide. The main producers of cyanide pollution and frequent sources of cyanide spills into the aquatic environment include industries involved in the extraction, treatment, and processing of metals. Information about the toxicity of different forms of cyanide to different fish species under various environmental conditions is collected and clearly presented in this bachelor thesis. When comparing the toxicity of simple and complex cyanides to the same fish species under the same environmental conditions, it is evident that, with few exceptions, the LC50 values are lower for simple than for complex cyanides. Temperature has a significant effect on the toxicity of cyanides. Cyanide toxicity decreases with increasing temperature for most fish species. Different sensitivities to cyanide have been observed in different life stages of fish. Embryos and larvae appeared to be the most resistant. In opposite, juveniles and adults were the most sensitive to cyanide. In my bachelor thesis I also made a review of published information on accidental fish kills caused by the release of cyanide into the aquatic environment in the Czech Republic and some of the world's major cyanide accidents. The source of contamination of the aquatic environment was mostly industrial wastewater from metal processing and treatment or from cyanide production in the Czech Republic. Cyanide spills have been recorded, particularly in connection with gold and silver mining in the world. The main causes of cyanide spills into the aquatic environment were the collapse of a control or safety device in detoxification tanks and tailings ponds containing cyanide wastewater. In many cases, staff failed to detect the malfunction in time.
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Bezpečnostní požadavky na skladování kapalných paliv a maziv
Viktorinová, Petra
This paper discusses safety requirements liquid fuel and lubricant storage. The introduction describes the fuels and lubricants in question. The following chapters deal with their storage in large-volume containers (bulk tanks) – their construction, normative standards, materials, and safety features. Afterwards, storage outside of large-volume containers is discussed. Finally, consequences of disregarding storage norms are discussed, such as storage accidents and the behavior of the materials during them.
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Information of the population and employees of Temelín NPP on evacuation in case of a radiation emergency
RYBÁK, Tomáš
The aim of the thesis was to compare the awareness of employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant and the general public about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was carried out. Questionnaires were distributed and filled out using an internet tool for creating questionnaires at survio.com stands. The theoretical part of the work is focused on the Temelín nuclear power plant, its geographical location and technical description. The work is also focused on the radiation safety of nuclear power plants, their workers and residents against radiation. In the theoretical part, selected accidents of the Jaslovské Bohunice, Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear power plants are further described. For the purposes of the practical part, the same questionnaire was created for the employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant and the general public. The questionnaire is composed of 34 questions. The first 4 questions serve to divide the respondents, and the remaining questions determine the awareness of the respondents about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. A total of 100 respondents took part in the survey - 50 employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant (50%) and 50 respondents from the general public (50%). The survey results were evaluated using the internet tool survio.com and the Microsoft Excel software program. The aim of the thesis was to compare the awareness of the general public and employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant about evacuation in the event of a radiation emergency. From the questionnaire survey, it is evident that the level of awareness of the employees of the Temelín nuclear power plant reaches 86%, and the general public only 68%. The result shows that employees are better and more informed than the lay public. Based on this investigation, I would recommend informing the public more about evacuation options in the event of a radiation emergency.
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Evaluation of introduction protection measures - evacuation at crash of nuclear power station Fukushima
SLÁMA, Filip
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to evaluate the protective measures, notably the evacuation of the population, its development and progress. To achieve the goal of bachelor's work was determined by the research question: Was the safeguard measures and the subsequent procedure for the evacuation of persons from the evacuation zones sufficient? The theoretical part is focused on the particular issue of nuclear power plants, radiation protection and evacuation. The situation described here, which took place directly on the Fukushima daiichi nuclear power plant Daiichi, from the strike of the earthquake and tsunami, after the gradation events in the individual reactors. The research part is about the development of the evacuation in the evacuation zones and the nuclear power plant. Protective measures are described here, and even the consequences and the situation after the crash to the present. The methodology of this work was the gathering of available information from official foreign sources, legislative documents, but also of the publications of the experts. Processing of the available information and the evaluation of the consequences of the evacuation has brought unpleasant findings. The loss of life, which can make a person look a certain way to reflect over the selection of persons suitable to evacuate. In this work were identified and discussed technical shortcomings of the power plant, the information misconduct in communication of the population and in the last row and misconduct of the human factor. The thesis can be used in the general issue of nuclear power plants and evacuation for study purposes or as an information source in the education, energy or public administration.
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Crushes and theirs effect on water quality
Uhrová, Adéla ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Tonika, Jaroslav (referee)
This thesis is focused on accidents in water and their their division into groups according to different factors. Work detailing the chemical accidents resulting in pollution of surface and groundwater, which became the Czech Republic since 2000. Describes chemicals that often escape into the water and damage to their quality. Furthermore, there is described an accident in 2006, when form "Lučební závody Draslovka, Kolín" leaked into the Elbe dangerous cyanide. Key words: Accidents, water pollution
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The comparison of nuclear power image in media before and after Fukushima Daiici nuclear disaster.
Špátová, Veronika ; Novák, Arnošt (advisor) ; Hladík, Radim (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the changes in the media image of nuclear power in Ceska Televize, which is the only public television in Czech Republic. The study uses a quantitative research method, content analysis, to find out the changes of nuclear power representation in media and to compare changes of news construction mechanisms in the period of two years - one year before and one year after the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima Daiichi disaster. The accident started on 11th March 2011 and there is a short description of the situation in Japan at the beginning of the thesis. The theoretical part of thesis serves as an overview of basic information on principles of the media studies theory and mechanisms of news construction (work with information sources, the news value concept, agenda setting, the framing concept), which is also shown from the environmental point of view. The study also focuses on the nuclear power image in the socio-political field and there are some more information about the nuclear power development and status in Czech Republic. The analytical part of thesis examines the media attention to nuclear power, which was developed in the analysed period. The usage of mechanisms of news construction and the changes in nuclear power image in the news of Ceska Televize...
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Characteristics of anthropogenic emergencies
Řehoř, Jan ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Title Characteristics of anthropogenic emergencies. Objectives The aim of the work is to describe selected anthropogenic emergencies as well as to set out their history and advance up until today. Methods The methods of analysis of a broad spectrum of literature concerning the issue of emergencies with subsequent analysis of selected resources were used throughout the course of the research. Results Overview of important emergencies regarding not only to the present day but also the past. Key words System, danger, accident, threat, terrorism.
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