|
|
Methods of study habitats and microhabitats preferences of freshwater fishes of Central Europe
Žák, Jakub ; Švátora, Miroslav (advisor) ; Drozd, Bořek (referee)
Small streams are a common habitat in Central Europe with unstable, rapidly-changing conditions. We can examine habitats on three different scales: microhabitat, mesohabitat and macrohabitat. Habitat preferences were among the fields of interest of Antonín Frič as he tried to describe the changing gradient of fish assemblages from source to the river's mouth on the macrohabitat scale. Habitat preferences are examined from a spatial point of view (substrate, depth, shelter), temporal point of view (season, day/night), biotic point of view (interspecies and intraspecies competition) and abiotic point of view (dissolved chemicals, velocity). For obtaining data of good quality, it is necessary to choose the right location and select the opti- mal strategy of examining fish assemblages (e.g. electrofishing, radiotelemetry, cameras). All variables which can affect habitat preferences in fish are measured. Multivariate statistical methods (e.g. PCA, RDA, CCA, CA) are used for evaluation of obtained datasets. Currently, we live in a fast developing period of this scientific area because of the need of evaluation of the human impact on freshwater biotope. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to introduce variables which influence habitat pref- erences of fish, to propose a modern review of methods commonly...
|
|
|
Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
|
|
|
What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This bachelor thesis delivers a brief overview of remote sensing methods, projects that use these applications and the possibility of their application in practice. Also examples of research activities in the field of remote sensing aimed primarily at protecting and monitoring the state of forests are presented. Finally, a draft methodology for the analysis of changes in habitat qualities in the area of interest, the Šumava National Park, is proposed. Keywords: Habitats, Management of protected areas, Habitats for Natura 2000, GIS, Aerial photographs, Remote sensing
|
|
|
Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
|
|
|
Reptile assemblages along succession gradient in oak forests of Podyji National Park
BALOUN, Jaroslav
This thesis focuses on the effects of succession on forest clearings on reptile assemblages in Podyjí National Park. The topic and results presented here follow up my bachelor thesis evaluating habitat preference of reptiles in Podyjí National Park and their assemblages on experimental clearings in the core zone of NP Podyjí. The reptile monitoring was conducted on the clearings and nearby control habitats using a method of artifical shelters and method of transect walks. Abundance of reptile species on clearings, and effect of gradual succession on the clearings on individual reptile species was studied and evaluated. While the creation of clearings clearly benefited most termophilous reptile species, including e.g. the Green lizard (Lacerta viridis) and the Aesculapian snake (Zamenis longissimus), the effect of succession is more difficult to assess owing to rather high variation among years. Only the L. viridis significantly derceased with the course of succession, while the Slow worm (Anguis fragilis) benefited from it.
|
|
|
Methods of study habitats and microhabitats preferences of freshwater fishes of Central Europe
Žák, Jakub ; Švátora, Miroslav (advisor) ; Drozd, Bořek (referee)
Small streams are a common habitat in Central Europe with unstable, rapidly-changing conditions. We can examine habitats on three different scales: microhabitat, mesohabitat and macrohabitat. Habitat preferences were among the fields of interest of Antonín Frič as he tried to describe the changing gradient of fish assemblages from source to the river's mouth on the macrohabitat scale. Habitat preferences are examined from a spatial point of view (substrate, depth, shelter), temporal point of view (season, day/night), biotic point of view (interspecies and intraspecies competition) and abiotic point of view (dissolved chemicals, velocity). For obtaining data of good quality, it is necessary to choose the right location and select the opti- mal strategy of examining fish assemblages (e.g. electrofishing, radiotelemetry, cameras). All variables which can affect habitat preferences in fish are measured. Multivariate statistical methods (e.g. PCA, RDA, CCA, CA) are used for evaluation of obtained datasets. Currently, we live in a fast developing period of this scientific area because of the need of evaluation of the human impact on freshwater biotope. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to introduce variables which influence habitat pref- erences of fish, to propose a modern review of methods commonly...
|
|
|
What aerial photographs can reveal about the state of habitats in Šumava National Park?
Hamarčák, Mário ; Křenová, Zdeňka (advisor) ; Kindlmann, Pavel (referee)
The utilization of remote sensing in the field of nature conservation and landscape management has recently increased tremendously. Possibility of implementing data obtained by remote sensing in GIS has created an increasingly powerful tool also for appropriate management of protected areas. This bachelor thesis delivers a brief overview of remote sensing methods, projects that use these applications and the possibility of their application in practice. Also examples of research activities in the field of remote sensing aimed primarily at protecting and monitoring the state of forests are presented. Finally, a draft methodology for the analysis of changes in habitat qualities in the area of interest, the Šumava National Park, is proposed. Keywords: Habitats, Management of protected areas, Habitats for Natura 2000, GIS, Aerial photographs, Remote sensing
|
|
|
Effect of disturbances on reptile and amphibian assemblages in oak forests of Podyji National Park
BALOUN, Jaroslav
The thesis focuses on the monitoring of reptiles and amphibians of different habitats in six sampling areas in the Podyjí National Park. The monitoring was conducted by the method visually searching for reptiles along walking transect and by using black pond foils as artificial hiding places from 2012 to 2015. The thesis evaluates habitat preferences of reptile species common in the area. The most preferred were partially open habitats, such as the forest edge and open sparse oak forest. The least preferred habitat was shady, closed-canopy forest. The results demonstrate the positive effect of distrubances on most reptile species in the oak forests of Podyjí NP. Habitats suitable for numerous endangered species, including many reptiles, decline due to gradual overgrowing of sparse oak forests and woodlands. The results of this thesis highlight the importance of active conservation forest management to protect the presence of open woodlands and sparse forests.
|
|
|
The effect of management on biodiversity of forest ecosystems - epigeic beetles on selected habitats of Písecko
STLUKA, Petr
Communities of epigeic beetles were studied on three forest habitats with the different forms of management in South Bohemia area, Písek district, close from Zátaví village. Selected areas were located in territory of Zátavský forest. There were these habitats: clearing, young spruce forest stands (age 6 years) and spruce forest (age 50-70 years). The method of pitfall trapping was used for biological material capture. There were 1813 specimens and 63 species of epigeic beetles trapped and determined. The highest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest habitat (43 species, 786 specimens), than followed spruce mature forest habitat (26 species, 550 specimens) and glade habitat (35 species, 477 specimens). Most species of epigeic beetles from 63 aggregate number of species was classed like eurytops. There were also 15 adaptable species determinated and it was found 1 genus of relict from I. degree too. It was found that spruce forest, which seems like more mature in terms of succession than young forest or glade, had no highest number of species and individuals. Conversely the largest number of species and individuals was found in spruce young forest. Index of antropogenic influence proved relatively strong antropogenic effect all studied habitats in terms of epigeic beetles. Communities of beetles were least affected in spruce forest, than followed young spruce forest and glade. From this point of view, intensity of management had the most effect on glade´s communities of beetles. Mature spruce forest had the least antropogenic influence on communities of beetles.
|
|
|
Functional connectivity and quality of biocentres in the border area of Šumava and Bavarian Forest National Parks
EFFENBERKOVÁ, Lenka
The Bohemian Forest, a mountain range located in Central Europe on the border between the Czech Republic, Germany and Austria, has many well-known qualities. The areas of Modravské slatě moors and Trojmezná, are considered to be the most valuable biocenters in the Czech part of the Bohemian Forest. This Master thesis confirms the quality of these areas in a transboundary context Natura 2000 habitats and their representativeness. A new transboundary (European) biocentre is proposed and its importance for several species is discussed.
|
guest ::
