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Analýza propustnosti krajiny pro zvěř na příkladu dvou pilotních oblastí v Rakousku
Jurečka, Mořic
The landscape of Central Europe is experiencing an increase in anthropogenic development and linear infrastructure. Landscape fragmentation has a number of negative environmental impacts. To mitigate the negative impacts, ecological corridors have been designed through GIS programmes. This paper focuses on the evaluation of the proposed ecological corridors and the analysis of potential impact factors in two pilot areas in Austria. Eighteen mammal species were recorded along the ecological corridors. The permeability of the areas in the pilot areas is problematic for large mammals. The work suggests that the degree of ecological stability and the presence of vegetation positively influence the number of mammal species on ecological corridors. Vegetation cover and other mitigation measures around the ecological corridors will be needed to ensure permanent permeability of the landscape.
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Influence of landscape fragmentation on characteristics of pollination networks in meadows
Filip, Jan ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
Traditionally managed semi-natural grasslands are unique for their high plant species richness. Pollinators are crucial for maintaining this plant biodiversity. Plant-pollinator interactions of these grasslands are influenced by habitat fragmentation since the 20th century. Main drivers of this landspace disturbance are abandonment and agricultural usage. Network analysis of structural characteristics changes in plant-pollinator interactions can facilitate understanding of habitat fragmentation and its impacts on pollination interactions.
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Genetic diversity and structure of populations of Campanula glomerata on regional scale in White Carpathians
Černá, Mariana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Kotilínek, Milan (referee)
Habitat fragmentation can adversely affect species populations due to reduced genetic diversity and increased population differentiation due to habitat isolation, reduced population size, and disruption of gene flow. Many species suffer from habitat fragmentation and isolation, and Campanula glomerata is a good example of a species that is noticeably declining in many places due to changes in landscape management. The question is how the model species responds to these changes and whether is the change are reflected in genetic diversity and population structure. The aim of this work is to determine the degree of genetic diversity and to reveal the genetic structure of populations of the model species C. glomerata on a small regional scale in the White Carpathians. This system will allow us to compare populations from two different regions that have been affected to varying degrees by agricultural intensification and fragmentation in the last century. It is a southwestern and northeastern part of the region, which differs from each other in the history of management in the landscape, but also in the continuity of meadows, species composition and environmental conditions. For this purpose, I developed and optimized a total of 16 usable microsatellite markers, 4 of which come from related species of...
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Effect of urban gradient on composition of bat communities in Central European landscapes.
Kočí, Jakub ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Andreas, Michal (referee)
Bats (Chiroptera) are usually considered as a group greatly endangered by destructing their habitats through the human activity. However, a significant part of bat species at the central Europe use human buildings as shelters, moreover the natural shelters are marginal or unknown in several species. Considering the linkage of the great part of our bat species to the fragmented area and in connection with a long term human influence on the central european landscape we ask whether at least part of our species see human activity through providing proper shelters as positive. Based on the analysis of landscape structure and ruggedness effect on density, diversity and population structure of bat assamblages acquired by standardized mist net captures located in lowlands (elevations below 500 m) of Czech Republic (204 localities, 3585 bats, 22 bat species), we found that even though most of reactions were species specific and few species seemed to be positively associated with urban environments, most of the bat species rely on the broad-leaved forest cover and other natural habitats such as water bodies. The most significant factor influencing sexual segregation for bats was ruggedness of surrounding landscape. Keywords: Bats, Chiroptera, fragmentation, Europe, temperate zone
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Influence of landscape fragmentation on characteristics of pollination networks in meadows
Filip, Jan ; Tropek, Robert (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
Traditionally managed semi-natural grasslands are unique for their high plant species richness. Pollinators are crucial for maintaining this plant biodiversity. Plant-pollinator interactions of these grasslands are influenced by habitat fragmentation since the 20th century. Main drivers of this landspace disturbance are abandonment and agricultural usage. Network analysis of structural characteristics changes in plant-pollinator interactions can facilitate understanding of habitat fragmentation and its impacts on pollination interactions.
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Importance of genetic diversity of plant populations and its determinants
Sýkorová, Mariana ; Münzbergová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Dostálek, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis is mainly a review of scientific papers and professional literature dealing with genetic diversity. Nowadays, there is an extensive loss of genetic diversity that is caused by anthropogenic influences. The loss of genetic diversity is reflected in show a loss of adaptability of populations to changes in the environment, and hence the lower ability of populations to survive in their natural habitat, which can lead to the extinction of these populations and eventually to of extinction of the whole species. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the knowledge about the genetic diversity of plant species, most of them also in the context of changes in landscape management. I describe the basic indicators that determine the genetic diversity and, at the same time, factors that may affect genetic diversity, including factors influencing genetic diversity in relation to the historical state of the landscapes.
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Effect of habitat fragmentation on bat ecology
Kočí, Jakub ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Hořák, David (referee)
Habitat fragmentation poses one of main threats to biodiversity. Bats (Chiroptera) serve as an important group of bioindicators. Habitat disturbance can induce different answers among them, especially in a tropical forest where bats provide important ecosystem functions such as seed dispersal and plant pollination. Difference between their reactions can be seen between different biomes: Negative influence to the species richness can be expected in a tropical forest with high degree of endemism whereas in temperate zone with long-term human influence to the landscape composition bats might have partially adapted to patchiness of the landscape and fragmentation could have locally positive effect. This thesis aims to summarize current knowledge of how fragmentation influences bat ecology with special aim for the difference between various biomes. Key words: Bats, Chiroptera, fragmentation, neotropics, paleotropics, Europe, temperate zone
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Understanding wildlife distribution in the human-dominated landscape of Nepal:implications for conservation
PAUDEL, Prakash Kumar
In this thesis, I have first reviewed biodiversity status and its conservation in Nepal, which indicates the need of linking the gaps between research and conservation of rare and endangered flora and fauna. Using three mountain ungulates as model species (barking deer - Muntiacus muntjak, Himalayan goral - Naemorhedus goral and Himalayan serow - Capricornis thar), I have investigated effects of human disturbances on wildlife distribution in the human-dominated landscapes of western Nepal, spanning from the subtropical Bardia National Park to the mountainous Shey Phoksundo National Park. I have developed habitat suitability maps for these three ungulate species and recommended a conservation priority area for their conservation. A special emphasis was placed on the study of the distribution of Himalayan serow using different factors related to habitat fragmentation, hunting and patch characteristics and connectivity of forest in midhills landscape of Nepal. Finally, wildlife hunting pattern in the region was investigated in order to explore wildlife conservation issues from the social perspective.
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Small terrestrial mammals along natural and anthropogenic landscape barriers
BOHDAL, Tomáš
The dissertation summarises the result of the study of small terrestrial mammals (Eulipotyphla, Rodentia) along natural (watercourses) and anthropogenic (road, highway) landscape barriers. It points to an interesting phenomenon of road drainage ditches as a transitional migration environment, further it assesses the level of locomotion activity, the rate of structure of subpopulations and the frequency of crossing watercourses in the case of selected rodent species. It contributes with its results to solving problems concerning the effect of these landscape structures on the species diversity, ground mobility or genetic structure of small terrestrial mammals. ˙˙˙˙
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